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. 2021 Sep 7;16(9):e0255890. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255890

Table 2. Univariate analysis: Analysis of US antenatal characteristics and neonatal outcomes according to bladder size.

Antenatal characteristics and postnatal outcome Bladder size p
< 12.5 mm >12.5 mm
n = 14 (18.6%) n = 61 (81.4%)
Age (years)
    < 30 5 (35.7) 21 (33.4) 0.81
    31–40 9 (64.3) 32 (52.4)
    >40 0 8 (13.1)
Nuchal translucency
    < 1.5 8 (57.1) 25 (40.9) 0.17
    1.5–3 6 (42.8) 31 (50.8)
    >3 0 5 (8.3)
Kidney appearance (FU)
    Normal appearance 11 (78.5) 32 (52.4) 0.02
    Hydronephrosis 3 (21.4) 18 (29.5) 0.01
    Abnormal cortical appearance 0 11 (18) 0.26
Amount of amniotic fluid (FU)
    Normal 11 (78.5) 56 (91.8) 0.93
    Oligohydramnios/anhydramnios 3 (21.4) 5 (8.2) 0.71
Kidney Appearance (SU)
    Normal aspect 8 (57.1) 4 (6.5) 0.09
    Hydronephrosis 3 (21.4) 33 (54.1) 0.01
    Abnormal cortical aspect 1 (7.1) 40 (65.6) 0.01
Amount of amniotic fluid (SU)
    Normal 12 (85.7) 19 (31.1) 0,12
    Oligohydramnios/anhydramnios 2 (14.3) 42 (68.8) <0.001
Fetal gender
    Female (XX) 4 (28.5) 14 (22.9) 0.47
    Male (XY) 10 (71.4) 47 (77.1)
Outcome (TOP excluded)
    Favorable outcome 12 (100) 0 < 0.001
    IUFD 0 11
    ND 0 5
Outcome (TOP included)
    IUFD 0 11 (18) < 0.001
    ND 0 5
    TOP 2 (14.2) 50 (82)
    Favorable outcome 12 (85.8) 0

(FU: first ultrasound; SU: second ultrasound; TOP: termination of pregnancy; IUFD: in utero fetal death; ND: neonatal death). The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.