Table 1.
Summary of the Antibacterial Strategies
| Strategies | Targets | Nanovectors | Bacteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microenvironmental excitation | Changes in pH | Surface-charge-converting NPs | G+(S. aureus) |
| Polyelectrolyte multilayer film coating | S. epidermidis; E. coli | ||
| Gold nanoparticle-stabilized liposome | H. pylori | ||
| Amoxicillin-Cys-CS/PMLA NPs | |||
| Enzymatic hydrolysis | Amylase: Drug-dextrin conjugates | G−(A. baumannii; A. lwoffi; E. coli; K. pneumoniae; P. aeruginosa) | |
| Phospholipases and lipase: PLA2 responsive liposomes | H. pylori | ||
| Exotoxin | Gold nanoparticle stabilized-liposomes | Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | |
| Mesoporous silica NPs | G+(S. aureus) | ||
| Bacterial specific targets | Carbohydrates | Lectin conjugated gliadin NPs | H. pylori; S. epidermidis; P. vulgaris |
| Lipopolysaccharide | Molecularly imprinted NPs | G−(P. aeruginosa) | |
| AMP-LPS binding peptides hybrid peptides | G−(E. coli; S. typhimurium) | ||
| Bacterial envelop | Lysozyme @ antibiotic | G+(S. aureus; S. epidermidis; S. zooepidemicus; M. luteus)/ G−(E. coli; K. pneumoniae; P. aeruginosa; S. typhimurium) |
|
| Specific protein | AMX-PLGA/UCCs-2 NPs | H. pylori | |
| Infected cells | Arginine | Arg-MSN NPs | Mycobacterium; Salmonella |
| Mannose receptors | Mannosylated liposomes | L. donovani | |
| Mannose-anchored SLNs | Tubercle bacillus | ||
| Mannosylated nanogel | Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | ||
| Enhance macrophage uptake | Sterically stabilized liposomes | Mycobacterium | |
| Transfection of macrophages with viruses | Recombinant adenovirus @ Hybrid AMP CAMA-syn encoding gene | G+/G− | |
| Combined treatment | Active nanovectores and antibiotic | SA liposomes | G+(S. epidermidis; methicillin resistant S. aureus) |
| PI-DPPG liposomes | |||
| MSN& silver @ levofloxacin | Multidrug-resistant E. coli | ||
| Vancomycin-terminated AuNPs | Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci; E. coli | ||
| TiO2-Ag NPs | C. albicans; A. albicans | ||
| Peptide-like oligomers | G+(S. aureus) | ||
| Photothermal & photodynamic antibacterial | Au-Ag core-shell NPs | S. aureus | |
| PDA @ Au-Hap | S. aureus; E. coli | ||
| PEDOT: ICG @ PEG-GTA NPs | S. aureus; E. coli | ||
| Fe3O4 @ PDA NPs | S. aureus; E. coli | ||
| Photothermal & delivery of antibiotics | Gold nanocage @ daptomycin @ staphylococcal protein antibodies | S. aureus | |
| Near infrared activated thermosensitive liposomes | P. aeruginosa |