Table 2.
Bacterial Meningitis in The Netherlands, July 1988–June 2019
| 1989–1993 (Baseline) | 1994–1998 | 1999–2003 | 2004–2008 | 2009–2013 | 2014–2019 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Group and Pathogen | No. of Cases | Incidence | No. of Cases | Incidence | No. of Cases | Incidence | No. of Cases | Incidence | No. of Cases | Incidence | No. of Cases | Incidence | IRR (95% CI) Baseline vs 2014–2019 |
| All pathogens | |||||||||||||
| All ages | 4786 | 6.37 | 3901 | 5.03 | 3420 | 4.28 | 2250 | 2.76 | 1420 | 1.71 | 1616 | 1.58 | 0.25 (.23–.26) |
| Neonates (0–89 d) | 293 | 121.53 | 286 | 118.65 | 223 | 87.88 | 178 | 75.19 | 130 | 57.44 | 198 | 77.17 | 0.63 (.53–.76) |
| Preschool-aged (3 mo-4 y) | 2236 | 49.91 | 1431 | 30.76 | 1160 | 24.45 | 609 | 12.97 | 269 | 6.14 | 255 | 5.09 | 0.10 (.09–.12) |
| School-aged (5–15 y) | 719 | 7.23 | 658 | 6.41 | 475 | 4.40 | 178 | 1.62 | 71 | 0.65 | 71 | 0.56 | 0.08 (.06–.10) |
| Adults (16–44 y) | 800 | 2.23 | 681 | 1.94 | 609 | 1.77 | 338 | 1.01 | 200 | 0.62 | 218 | 0.57 | 0.26 (.22–0.30) |
| Older adults (45–64 y) | 381 | 2.57 | 426 | 2.52 | 525 | 2.80 | 476 | 2.31 | 403 | 1.81 | 440 | 1.60 | 0.62 (.54–.71) |
| Elderly (≥65 y) | 357 | 3.70 | 419 | 4.07 | 428 | 3.93 | 471 | 4.04 | 347 | 2.64 | 434 | 2.32 | 0.63 (.55–.72) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 1178 | 1.57 | 320 | 0.41 | 117 | 0.15 | 139 | 0.17 | 75 | 0.09 | 141 | 0.14 | 0.09 (.07–.10) |
| Type b | 1133 | 1.51 | 261 | 0.34 | 37 | 0.05 | 60 | 0.07 | 28 | 0.03 | 46 | 0.04 | 0.03 (.02–.04) |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 2157 | 2.87 | 2003 | 2.59 | 1681 | 2.10 | 535 | 0.66 | 234 | 0.28 | 207 | 0.20 | 0.07 (.06–.08) |
| Serogroup C | 419 | 0.56 | 220 | 0.28 | 386 | 0.48 | 30 | 0.04 | 9 | 0.01 | 8 | 0.01 | 0.01 (.01–.03) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 826 | 1.10 | 1055 | 1.36 | 1182 | 1.48 | 1170 | 1.43 | 819 | 0.98 | 829 | 0.81 | 0.74 (.67–.81) |
| PCV7 serotypesa | 371 | 0.49 | 491 | 0.63 | 581 | 0.73 | 544 | 0.67 | 115 | 0.14 | 37 | 0.04 | 0.07 (.05–.10) |
| PCV10 – 7 serotypesb | 87 | 0.12 | 96 | 0.12 | 104 | 0.13 | 152 | 0.19 | 128 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.03 | 0.30 (.20–.44) |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 73 | 0.10 | 68 | 0.09 | 72 | 0.09 | 51 | 0.06 | 35 | 0.04 | 48 | 0.05 | 0.48 (.34–.69) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 102 | 0.14 | 102 | 0.13 | 110 | 0.14 | 108 | 0.13 | 90 | 0.11 | 132 | 0.13 | 0.95 (.73–1.23) |
| Escherichia coli | 103 | 0.14 | 89 | 0.11 | 65 | 0.08 | 56 | 0.07 | 43 | 0.05 | 68 | 0.07 | 0.48 (.36–.66) |
Overview of bacterial meningitis episodes in the Netherlands between July 1988 and June 2019 per 5-year period (6 years for last observation period), subcategorized per age group and the 6 most common pathogens, with the vaccine targeted serotype/serogroup if applicable.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV10, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
aPCV7 serotypes: Number of cases/incidence of pneumococcal meningitis caused by serotypes within PCV7 (serotype 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F).
bPCV10 – 7 serotypes: Number of cases/incidence of pneumococcal meningitis caused by serotypes additionally covered by PCV10 (serotypes 1, 5, and 7F).