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. 2021 Jul 18;67(4):283–290. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2021-028

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Fig. 4. — Effects of low concentrations of CrCl₃ on ROS accumulation and apoptosis occurrence in cleavage embryos and blastocysts. (A and C) Representative fluorescent images of ROS in 2-cell embryos (A) and blastocysts (C) exposed to low concentrations of CrCl₃ or no CrCl₃. Right panel: quantification of ROS levels of embryos in each group. (B and D) Representative images of apoptosis detected using the TUNEL assay in 2-cell embryos (B) and blastocysts (D). TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei are indicated by arrows. Right panel: quantification of the apoptotic rate of embryos in each group. (E) Effect of low concentrations of CrCl₃ on the expression levels of representative pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes in blastocysts. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ** P < 0.01. Three independent experiments were performed, and at least 20 embryos were evaluated in each group for each replicate.