Table 2.
Sample characteristics.
| Non-active transportation commuter |
Active transportation commuter |
Total |
p-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % or M±SD | N | % or M±SD | N | % or M±SD | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (N = 168) | 82 | 37.6 ± 10.7 | 86 | 36.1 ± 11.1 | 168 | 36.9 ± 10.9 | .380 |
| Sex (N = 168) | .008 | ||||||
| Female | 65 | 79.3 | 49 | 57.0 | 114 | 67.9 | |
| Male | 16 | 19.5 | 35 | 40.7 | 51 | 30.4 | |
| Other | 1 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.3 | 3 | 1.8 | |
| Latinx (N = 168) | 4 | 4.9 | 4 | 4.7 | 8 | 4.8 | .945 |
| Non-white race (N = 168) | 28 | 34.1 | 8 | 9.3 | 36 | 21.4 | < .001 |
| Education (N = 168) | .600 | ||||||
| High school diploma | 9 | 11.0 | 13 | 15.1 | 22 | 13.1 | |
| Associate's degree | 8 | 9.8 | 4 | 4.7 | 12 | 7.1 | |
| Bachelor's degree | 35 | 42.7 | 32 | 37.2 | 67 | 39.9 | |
| Master's degree | 19 | 23.2 | 22 | 25.6 | 41 | 24.4 | |
| Professional degree | 4 | 4.9 | 8 | 9.3 | 12 | 7.1 | |
| Doctorate degree | 7 | 8.5 | 7 | 8.1 | 14 | 8.3 | |
| Marital status (N = 168) | .868 | ||||||
| Married | 34 | 41.5 | 36 | 41.9 | 70 | 41.7 | |
| Widowed | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.6 | |
| Divorced | 5 | 6.1 | 4 | 4.7 | 9 | 5.4 | |
| Separated | 1 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2 | 2 | 1.2 | |
| Never married | 41 | 50.0 | 45 | 52.3 | 86 | 51.2 | |
| Children under 18 (N = 166) | 29 | 35.8 | 11 | 12.9 | 40 | 24.1 | .001 |
| Employment and commute details | |||||||
| Full-time (N = 213) | 83 | 79.0 | 90 | 83.3 | 172 | 81.2 | .423 |
| Time at current job (N = 213) | .800 | ||||||
| 0–6 months | 8 | 7.6 | 8 | 7.4 | 16 | 7.5 | |
| 6–12 months | 14 | 13.3 | 9 | 8.3 | 23 | 10.8 | |
| 1–2 years | 17 | 16.2 | 16 | 14.8 | 33 | 15.5 | |
| 2–5 years | 28 | 26.7 | 32 | 29.6 | 60 | 28.2 | |
| More than 5 years | 38 | 36.2 | 43 | 39.8 | 81 | 38.0 | |
| Annual income (N = 168) | .760 | ||||||
| Less than $30,000 | 11 | 13.4 | 10 | 11.6 | 21 | 12.5 | |
| $30,000-$60,000 | 32 | 39.0 | 32 | 37.2 | 64 | 38.1 | |
| 60,001-$100,000 | 27 | 32.9 | 26 | 30.2 | 53 | 31.5 | |
| More than $100,000 | 12 | 14.6 | 18 | 20.9 | 30 | 17.9 | |
| Commute mode (N = 213) | < .001 | ||||||
| Car, truck or van | 62 | 59.0 | - | - | 62 | 29.1 | |
| Bus or trolley bus | 21 | 20.0 | - | - | 21 | 9.9 | |
| Streetcar or trolley car | 2 | 1.9 | - | - | 2 | 0.9 | |
| Subway or elevated | 15 | 14.3 | - | - | 15 | 7.0 | |
| Railroad | 2 | 1.9 | - | - | 2 | 0.9 | |
| Taxicab | 1 | 1.0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
| Motorcycle | 1 | 1.0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
| Bicycle | - | - | 65 | 60.2 | 65 | 30.5 | |
| Walked | - | - | 43 | 39.8 | 43 | 20.2 | |
| Other method | 1 | 1.0 | - | - | 1 | 0.5 | |
| Commute distance (N = 192) | 95 | 8.9 ± 10.1 | 97 | 5.5 ± 11.8 | 192 | 7.2 ± 11.1 | .030 |
| Commute mode change (N = 193) | 52 | 54.7 | 41 | 41.8 | 93 | 48.2 | .073 |
| Essential employee (N = 213) | 84 | 80.0 | 81 | 75.0 | 165 | 77.5 | .383 |
| Industry (N = 213) | .306 | ||||||
| Utilities | 1 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.9 | 3 | 1.4 | |
| Construction | 2 | 1.9 | 1 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.4 | |
| Manufacturing | 2 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.9 | 4 | 1.9 | |
| Retail trade | 4 | 3.8 | 9 | 8.3 | 13 | 6.1 | |
| Transportation and warehousing | 4 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.9 | 5 | 2.3 | |
| Information | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | |
| Real estate and renting and leasing | 1 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.9 | 3 | 1.5 | |
| Professional and business services | 7 | 6.7 | 5 | 4.6 | 12 | 5.6 | |
| Educational services | 8 | 7.6 | 7 | 6.5 | 15 | 7.0 | |
| Healthcare and social assistance | 59 | 56.2 | 59 | 54.6 | 118 | 55.4 | |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 4 | 3.8 | 2 | 1.9 | 6 | 2.8 | |
| Accommodation and food services | 4 | 3.8 | 13 | 12.0 | 17 | 8.0 | |
| Repair and maintenance services | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.9 | 2 | 0.9 | |
| Public administration | 7 | 6.7 | 3 | 2.8 | 10 | 4.7 | |
Notes. M = Mean; SD=Standard Deviation; bold text indicates p ≤ .05.