Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients according to the MRI group
| PE group (n = 21) | NE group (n = 20) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 41.4 (16.4) | 40.6 (16.5) | 0.874 |
| Female, n (%) | 15 (71.4) | 17 (85.0) | 0.454 |
| Disease duration, median (IQR), months | 2 (0.8–12.0) | 1.5 (1–8.2) | 0.927 |
| Annual relapse rate, mean (SD) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.4) | 0.602 |
| First attack, n (%) | 13 (62.0) | 12 (60.0) | 0.901 |
| Second attack, n (%) | 4 (19.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.719 |
| ≥ 3 attacks, n (%) | 4 (19.0) | 3 (15.0) | 0.731 |
| Delay from onset to treatment, median (IQR), days | 14 (12–20.5) | 13.5 (8.5–16) | 0.168 |
| AQP4-IgG positive, n (%) | 16 (76.2) | 17 (85.0) | 0.697 |
| MOG-IgG positive, n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 0.488 |
| Qalb (× 10−3), median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.7–13.1) | 5.4 (3.9–7.0) | 0.069 |
| Clinical manifestation, n (%) | |||
| Optic neuritis | 1 (4.8) | 2 (10.0) | 0.717 |
| LETM | 17 (80.9) | 13 (65.0) | |
| Brain | 1 (4.8) | 1 (5.0) | |
| Brainstem | 2 (9.5) | 4 (20.0) | |
| Coexisting autoimmune diseases, n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 3 (15.0) | 0.093 |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||
| IVMP | 16 (76.2) | 17 (85.0) | 0.844 |
| IVMP + IVIg | 2 (9.5) | 2 (10.0) | |
| IVMP + IA | 3 (14.3) | 1 (5.0) | |
| Relapse prevention treatment, n (%) | |||
| Oral prednisone + RTX | 8 (38.1) | 6 (30.0) | 0.328 |
| Oral prednisone + MMF | 1 (4.8) | 2 (10.0) | |
| Oral prednisone | 12 (57.1) | 9 (45.0) | |
| Not use | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | |
PE = persistent enhancement; NE = no enhancement; SD = standard deviation; IQR = inter-quartile range; AQP4 = aquaporin-4; MOG = myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; Qalb = CSF albumin/serum albumin; LETM = longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; IVMP = intravenous methylprednisolone therapy; IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin; IA = immunoadsorption; RTX = rituximab; MMF = mycophenolate mofetil.