TABLE 1.
Comparative performance of rhodopsin-based genetically encoded voltage indicators.
| GEVI | Rhodopsin | Fluorophore | ΔF/F (%) | τon | τoff | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| τ1 (ms) | τ2 (ms) | %τ1 | τ1 (ms) | τ2 (ms) | %τ1 | |||||
| Microbial rhodopsin-based GEVIs | ||||||||||
| Arch | Arch | Retinal | 40 | 0.6 | — | — | 0.25 | 1.9 | 67 | Kralj et al. (2011a) |
| Arch (D95N) | Arch | Retinal | 60 | 41 | — | — | — | — | — | Kralj et al. (2011a) |
| Archer1 | Arch | Retinal | 85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Flytzanis et al. (2014) |
| Archer2 | Arch | Retinal | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Flytzanis et al. (2014) |
| QuasAr1 | Arch | Retinal | 32 | 0.053 ± 0.002 | 3.2 | 94 | 0.07 | 1.9 | 88 | Hochbaum et al. (2014) |
| QuasAr2 | Arch | Retinal | 90 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 11.8 ± 1.5 | 68 | 1 | 15.9 | 80 | Hochbaum et al. (2014) |
| Archon1 | Arch | Retinal | 43 | 0.06 ± 0.06 | 8.1 ± 0.5 | 88 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 13 ± 3 | 88 | Piatkevich et al. (2018) |
| Archon2 | Arch | Retinal | 19 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 70 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 92 | Piatkevich et al. (2018) |
| QuasAr3Blue off | Arch | Retinal | 50 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 10.0 ± 1.8 | 77 ± 5 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 9.0 ± 1.2 | 91 ± 5 | Adam et al. (2019) |
| paQuasAr3Blue | Arch | Retinal | 50 | 0.8 ± 0.04 | 19.3 ± 1.1 | 54 ± 2 | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 15.8 ± 1.9 | 69 ± 2 | Adam et al. (2019) |
| SomArchon | Arch | Retinal | 30 | — | — | — | — | Piatkevich et al. (2019) | ||
| eFRET-based GEVI | ||||||||||
| QuasAr2-Citrine | Arch | Citrine | -13.1 | 4.8 | 21 | 38 | 3.1 | 21 | 62 | Zou et al. (2014) |
| MacQ-mCitrine | Mac | mCitrine | -20 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 71 ± 3 | 74 ± 2 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 67 ± 11 | 77 ± 2 | Gong et al. (2014) |
| Ace2N-mNeon | Ace2 | mNeonGreen | -18 | 0.37 ± 0.08 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 58 ± 5 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 60 ± 6 | Gong et al. (2015) |
| Ace2N-mScarlet | Ace2 | mScarlet | -15 | 0.79 ± 0.18 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 79.4 | 1.1 ± 0.32 | 8.6 ± 2.8 | 58 | Beck and Gong (2019) |
| VARNAM | Ace2 | mRuby3 | -10 | 0.88 ± 0.13 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | — | 0.80 ± 0.44 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | — | Kannan et al. (2018) |
| Voltron525 | Ace2 | JF525 | -23 | 0.64 ± 0.09 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 61 ± 4 | 0.78 ± 0.12 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 55 ± 7 | Abdelfattah et al. (2019) |
| Positron | Ace2 | JF525 | 18 | 0.63 ± 0.08 | 19 ± 6 | 85 ± 6 | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 37 ± 4 | 90 ± 2 | Abdelfattah et al. (2020) |
| HVI-Cy3 | Ace2 | Cy3 | −39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Liu et al. (2021) |
| HVI-Cy5 | Ace2 | Cy5 | −20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Liu et al. (2021) |
Note: Characterizations were recorded in HEK cells at 22°C. Parameters labeled with colors were recorded in other conditions as following.
Recorded in HEK cells at 34°C.
Recorded in neuronal culture at 22°C.
Recorded in neuronal culture at 32°C.