Fig. 1.

Mechanically functional PPEs. (a) Nylon/Kevlar/low melting point fibers non-woven surface layer after annealing treatment. (b) The SEM image of the fiber reinforced structure. Reprinted with permission from the study by Lin et al. [12] (c) The SEM image of shear thickening gel infiltrated Kevlar fabric. (d) The damping of impact force by shear thickening gel infiltrated Kevlar fabric. Reprinted with permission from the study by Zhao et al. [15] (e) The schematic of the three-tier cross lamellar structure for conch shell. (f) The man-made 3D printed three-tier cross lamellar structure. Reprinted with permission from the study by Gu et al. [20]. PPE, personal protective equipment; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.