Table 2.

Classification of oral manifestations (except taste alterations) in patients with COVID-19 according to etiology.

Groups of oral manifestations	Examples
Oral manifestations with likely direct causes other than SARS-CoV-2 infection
Iatrogenic lesions	Intubation injuries
Drug reactions
Opportunistic coinfections	Candidiasis, Herpes simplex virus infections
Multi-organ involvement with variable oral manifestation
Oral lesions in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and Kawasaki-like disease
Oral lesion as part of other multi-organ involvements	Urticaria and angioedema involving the mouth
Oral manifestations probably caused directly by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Lesions with SARS-CoV-2 infection as the likely direct cause	Aphthous lesions, oral ulcers
Salivary gland involvement	Sialadenitis
Xerostomia