Table 2.

Reliability and validity of select interoceptive assessments.

Interoceptive Dimension	Assessment	Reliability	Correlations Between Interoceptive Constructs
			Interoceptive Awareness (IA)	Interoceptive Sensibility (IS)	Emotional Evaluation of Interoceptive Signals (IE)
Interoceptive accuracy (IAcc)	Heartbeat detection (counting) task	Retest reliability (2 months) = 0.60 (83) α = 0.89 (84)	r = 0.16, p = 0.17 (85)	MAIA (84): Noticing r = −0.05, ns Not Distracting r = −0.06, ns Not Worrying r = 0.08, ns Attention Regulationr = 0.20, p = 0.02 Emotional Awarenessr = −0.05, ns Self-Regulation r = −0.03, ns Body Listening r = 0.00, ns Trusting r = 0.08, ns BPQ: r = 0.06, ns (71) BAQ: r = 0.18, p < 0.05 (86) Confidence rating: r = 0.28, p < 0.05 (71)	MAIA Not Worrying:r = 0.08, ns (84)
Interoceptive Awareness (IA)	Agreement between objective and subjective report: Subjective confidence ratings during heartbeat detection task compared to IAc			Confidence rating: r = −0.02, p = 0.84 (85)
Interoceptive Sensibility (IS)	Self-report, e.g., MAIA, BPQ, BAQ, confidence ratings	MAIA (72),α = 0.66–0.87 (72), retest reliability (M days= 113, SD = 4.3)= 0.66–0.79 (87) BPQ (73) BPQ-SF ω = 0.83–91, retest reliability (1 week) = 0.91–0.96 (88), Confidence ratings
Emotional Evaluation of Interoceptive Signals (IE)	Self-report, e.g., MAIA Not Worrying subscale, ASI Physical subscale	MAIA Not Worrying:α = 0.67 (72); retest reliability (M days= 113, SD = 4.3)= 0.76 (87) ASI Physical:α = 0.76–0.89 (89); ASI-3 retest reliability (3 months) = 0.70 (90)a

Samples are non-clinical unless otherwise noted.

MAIA, Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness; BPQ, Body Perception Questionnaire; BPQ-SF, Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form; BAQ, Body Awareness Questionnaire; ASI, Anxiety Sensitivity Index; ASI-3, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 α, Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency); ω, Categorical Omega (internal consistency); r, Pearson correlation coefficient.

^aSample of treatment seeking smokers.