Table 2.
Demographic parameters and characteristics of the patients included in studies.
| Study | HFNC status | Sample size | Cut–off value of ROX with time (h) after HFNC initiation | Age (Yr) | Sex (M/F) | BMI (kg/m2) | DM | Hypertension | Lymphocyte count (109/L) | CRP (mg/L) | D–dimer (μg/ml) | SOFA Score | Length of HFNC (days) | AHRF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chandel [9] | HFNC Success | 164 | 3.67 (at 12 h) | 54 ± 14 | 104/60 | 28.6 ± 5.7 [IQR 25.5–33.2] | 56 | 64 | N/a | 16.7 ± 10.2 [IQR 9.8–23.6] | 1.3 ± 1.6 [IQR 0.8–2.2] | 2 ± 2.2 [IQR 1–4] | 4 ± 3.7 [IQR 2–7] | SpO2 <88% RR > 35 breath/min |
| HFNC Failure | 108 | 60 ± 13 | 76/32 | 28.7 ± 6.4 [IQR 24.9–33.6] | 45 | 52 | 17.2 ± 11.5 [IQR 10.8–26.3] | 1.3 ± 1.3 [IQR 0.9–2.7] | 4 ± 3.7 [IQR 2–7] | 2 ± 2.2 [IQR 1–4] | ||||
| Calligaro [11] | HFNC Success | 134 | 2.7 (at 6 h) | 50 ± 9.6 [IQR 44–57] | 79/58 | N/a | 76 | 59 | 1.23 ± 0.6 [IQR 0.83–1.62] | 173 ± 125.2 [IQR 105–274] | 0.56 ± 1.5 [IQR 0.36–1.78] | N/a | N/a | SpO2 <92% RR > 30 breath/min O2 supply– 15L/min |
| HFNC Failure | 145 | 53 ± 10.4 [IQR 44–58] | 84/72 | 82 | 72 | 1.15 ± 0.5 [IQR 0.92–1.57] | 235 ± 149.6 [IQR 142–344] | 1.03 ± 4.1 [IQR 0.49–4.44] | ||||||
| Hu [4] | HFNC Success | 65 | 5.55 (at 6 h) | 59.5 ± 10.9 | 26/39 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 0.62 ± 0.2 [IQR 0.49–0.79] | 45.6 ± 39.3 [IQR 30.4–83.5] | 0.62 ± 1.5 [IQR 0.42–1.78] | 3 ± 0 [IQR 3–3] | 6 ± 3.7 [IQR 3.5–8.5] | SpO2≤92% RR ≥25 breath/min |
| HFNC Failure | 40 | 71.3 ± 7.6 | 25/15 | 0.7 ± 0.30 [IQR 0.36–0.80] | 39.3 ± 45.9 [IQR 23.4–85.4] | 1.04 ± 4.7 [IQR 0.46–5] | 4 ± 1.5 [IQR 3–5] | 3 ± 6.7 [IQR 2–11] | ||||||
| Panadero [14] | HFNC Success | 19 | 4.94 (2 to 6 h) | 56.6 ± 12.8 | 14/5 | 28.1 ± 3.2 | 3 | 9 | N/a | 1283 ± 1006 | 6.2 ± 14.4 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 6 ± 2.22 [IQR 5–8] | N/a |
| HFNC Failure | 21 | 60.9 ± 10.8 | 14/7 | 30.5 ± 5.1 | 5 | 7 | 1118 ± 1006 | 5.1 ± 6 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 2 ± 2.2 [IQR 1–4] | ||||
| Xu [13] | HFNC Success | 173 | 5.31 (within 4 h) | 60.6 ± 15.5 | 119/58 | N/a | 34 | 78 | 0.6 ± 0.37 [IQR 0.4–0.9] | N/a | 2.6 ± 5.9 [IQR 0.8–8.8] | 2.0 ± 1.1 [IQR 2–3.5] | 10 ± 5.9 [IQR 7–15] | SpO2 <90% RR> 30 breath/min O2 supply– 10L/min |
| HFNC Failure | 220 | 66.3 ± 12.5 | 100/47 | 26 | 69 | 0.6 ± 0.3 [IQR 0.4–0.8] | 4.8 ± 16.9 [IQR 1.1–17.7] | 4 ± 1.5 [IQR 3–5] | 3 ± 2.2 [IQR 1–4] | |||||
| Vega [7] | HFNC Success | 85 | 5.99 (at 12 h) | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| HFNC Failure | 35 | |||||||||||||
| Blez [12] | HFNC Success | 14 | 4.88 (at 0.5 h) | 64 ± 11.1 [IQR 57.5–72.5] | 11/3 | 25.6 ± 2.6 [IQR 25–28.5] | 2 | 6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | RR≥ 30 breath/min O2 supply– 10L/min |
| HFNC Failure | 16 | 64 ± 5.4 [IQR 59–66.3] | 10/6 | 30.5 ± 3.5 [IQR 28.4–33.1] | 5 | 10 | ||||||||
| Zucman [10] | HFNC Success | 21 | 5.37 (within 4 h) | 55 ± 11.11 [IQR 48–63] | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| HFNC Failure | 41 |
HFNC, high–flow nasal cannula; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; CRP: C–reactive protein; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; AHRF– acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, RR– respiratory rate, IQR– interquartile range, N/a– not available, Yr– year.