. 2021 Aug 20;96:103168. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103168

Table 3.

Changes in bus usage by weekdays, weekends, and times of day.

Variable	All day						Morning			Daytime			Evening
Variable	Coef.	Std. Err.		Coef.	Std. Err.		Coef.	Std. Err.		Coef.	Std. Err.		Coef.	Std. Err.
Fixed effect
Intercept	−0.281	0.130	^⁎	−0.288	0.130	^⁎⁎	−1.395	0.104	^⁎⁎⁎	−1.657	0.102	^⁎⁎⁎	−1.930	0.108	^⁎⁎⁎
Number of confirmed cases	−0.067	0.001	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.059	0.001	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.038	0.001	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.056	0.001	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.042	0.001	^⁎⁎⁎
Weekend	−0.487	0.004	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.451	0.005	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.671	0.005	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.194	0.004	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.446	0.005	^⁎⁎⁎
Number of bus routes	0.069	0.009	^⁎⁎⁎	0.069	0.009	^⁎⁎⁎	0.060	0.007	^⁎⁎⁎	0.074	0.007	^⁎⁎⁎	0.064	0.007	^⁎⁎⁎
Population	0.604	0.042	^⁎⁎⁎	0.604	0.042	^⁎⁎⁎	0.482	0.033	^⁎⁎⁎	0.546	0.032	^⁎⁎⁎	0.487	0.034	^⁎⁎⁎
Employment	0.191	0.040	^⁎⁎⁎	0.191	0.040	^⁎⁎⁎	0.144	0.032	^⁎⁎⁎	0.040	0.031		0.205	0.033	^⁎⁎⁎
Temperature: cold	0.035	0.005	^⁎⁎⁎	0.024	0.005	^⁎⁎⁎	0.037	0.005	^⁎⁎⁎	0.057	0.004	^⁎⁎⁎	0.058	0.004	^⁎⁎⁎
Temperature: hot	0.117	0.011	^⁎⁎⁎	0.112	0.011	^⁎⁎⁎	0.069	0.011	^⁎⁎⁎	0.064	0.008	^⁎⁎⁎	0.079	0.010	^⁎⁎⁎
Precipitation	−0.007	0.000	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.007	0.000	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.003	0.000	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.006	0.000	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.004	0.000	^⁎⁎⁎
Number of confirmed cases ∗ Weekend				−0.031	0.003	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.022	0.002	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.021	0.002	^⁎⁎⁎	−0.018	0.002	^⁎⁎⁎


Random effect	Variance	Std. Dev.		Variance	Std. Dev.		Variance	Std. Dev.		Variance	Std. Dev.		Variance	Std. Dev.
Cells	0.801	0.895		0.801	0.895		0.514	0.717		0.490	0.700		0.550	0.741

Number of groups		398			398			398			398			398
Number of observations		35,007			35,007			35,007			35,007			35,007
R-squared		0.353			0.356			0.473			0.271			0.353
Adj. R-squared		0.353			0.356			0.472			0.271			0.352
Breusch-Pagan test	0.000 (chisq = 1,039,441)			0.000 (chisq = 1,040,787)			0.000 (chisq = 954,354)			0.000 (chisq = 1,125,613)			0.000 (chisq = 1,033,129)

Notes: reference for categorical variables (temperature: moderate, weekend: weekdays), statistical significance notation (^⁎⁎⁎p < 0.01, ^⁎⁎p < 0.05, ^⁎p < 0.1).