Table 4.
The latest advances of uPA-cleavable nanoDDS and their applications in the targeted theranostics of malignancies.
| Nanocarrier | Substrate | Drug | Diagnosis | Therapy | Tumor | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DGL-U11 | U11 | Gd3+-DTPA, Cy5.5 | MRI, NIR FI | – | PANC1 human pancreatic cancer cells | 168 |
| Four-arm PEGylated64Cu-bombesin analog tetramer | CGSGRSAG | 64Cu | PET | – | PC-3 human prostate cancer cells | 169 |
| Ultra-small magnetic IONPs | DKK1, ATF24 | DOX | NIR FI | Chemotherapy | MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells | 170 |
| ATF-HSA | ATF | DOX | FI | Chemotherapy | H1299 human non-small cell lung cancer cells H22 mouse hepatoma cells |
171 |
| U11-DOX/curcumin NPs | U11 | DOX, curcumin | – | Chemotherapy | A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells | 172 |
| ALA fusion protein | ATF | AGAP | – | Gene therapy | MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells | 173 |
| LHRH-AE105-IONPs | Modified LHRH peptide, AE105 peptide | PTX | MRI | Chemotherapy | PC-3 human prostate cancer cells | 174 |
| PEGylated IONPs | ATF | Cisplatin, DOX | NIR FI, MRI | Chemotherapy | PANC02 mouse pancreatic cancer cells | 175 |
| Milk protein-coated IONPs | ATF | Cisplatin | MRI | Chemotherapy | MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells | 176 |
| MSN-uPA NPs | Chitosan, uPA | GEM | MSOT | Chemotherapy | ASPC1, PANC1, and MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells | 177 |
| GNS@Ir@P-AE105 | P-AE105 | GNS, Ir complex | PT, PA, X-ray CT | PTT, chemotherapy | MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells | 178 |
DGL, dendron-grafted poly-l-lysine; PEG, polyethylene glycol; IONPs, iron oxide nanoparticles; HSA, human serum albumin; ALA, ATF and AGAP linked with the uPA-cleavable linker gene; MSN, mesoporous silica nanoparticle; GNS, gold nanostars; DOX, doxorubicin; AGAP, one of the scorpion toxin polypeptides; PTX, paclitaxel; GEM, gemcitabine; Gd3+-DTPA, Gd3+-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; Cy5.5, cyanine dye; Ir, iridium; uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator; U11, tumor-targeting peptide; DKK1, Dickkopf-related protein-1; ATF, amino-terminal fragment of urokinase; LHRH, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; AE105, a potent nine-mer peptide antagonist of uPAR binding; P-AE105, a polyetherimide-AE105 peptide conjugate; PTT, photothermal therapy; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NIR, near-infrared; FI, fluorescence imaging; PET, positron emission tomograph; MSOT, multispectral optoacoustic tomography; PT, photothermal; PA, photoacoustic; CT, computed tomography; ‒, not applicable.