Figure 7.

The role of extracellular vesicles in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation. (A) The role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor-derived EVs activate the normal fibroblasts to initialize the differentiation into cancer-associated fibroblasts. They could also induce lymphocyte apoptosis and convert dendritic cells into a non-responsive phenotype. (B) The role of endothelial progenitor cell-derived EVs in the repair of blood vessels and wound healing. EPC-derived EVs increase the level of a series of pro-angiogenic cytokines and improve the proliferation and migration ability of human microvascular endothelial cells, which facilitates tissue repair and regeneration.