Table 5.

Characteristics of included clinical studies in relation to OCD behavior in dental clinics.

No.	Author	Population	Dental specialty	Study design	Inclusion criteria	Method of OCD behavior assessment	Study outcome
1	Haberle et al. [14]	Total 49 patients (21 females and 28 males). Age between 13 and 56 years.	Maxillofacial surgery	Cross-sectional (questionnaire)	Patients with a maxillomandibular deformity who require surgical intervention. No previous maxillomandibular surgery. No TMJ joint disorder. No craniofacial deformity.	Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FOCI)	OCD symptoms improved after orthognathic surgeries
2	Miura et al. [15]	Total 383 patients (58 males and 325 females). Age between 18 and 86 years.	Psychosomatic dentistry	Cross-sectional	Above 18 years of age. Tooth pain for no reason for more than 6 months. Pain following tooth extraction without underlying pathology.	The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)	Psychiatric disorders are one of the reasons behind atypical odontalgia.
3	Phillips et al. [16]	Total 194 patients (72 males and 122 females). Age between 15 and 50 years.	Maxillofacial surgery	Cross-sectional	Age between 15 and 50 years. Anterior-posterior or vertical deformities. Require surgical treatment. Noncongenital deformity. No previous prosthesis.	The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)	Psychological disorders can be the reason for many people to seek dentofacial correctness.
4	Umemura et al. [17]	Total 1202 patients (210 males and 992 females). Age: 57.2 ± 15.0 years.	Oral medicine	Cross-sectional	Dental patients with prolonged oral pain without organic cause.	The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)	Psychiatric disorders can be the reason for oral or dental pain after exclusion of organic reasons.
5	Liu et al. [18]	Total 92 patients (55 males and 37 females). Age above 18 years.	Maxillofacial surgery	Cross-sectional	Above 18 years of age. Free from systematic diseases and metastatic lesions. No history of alcohol abuse. No history of immunity medications or beta blockers for the last six months.	Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90)	Anxious patients and patients with psychological disorders are more likely to feel pain during implant placement and are more expected to show dissatisfaction with results.
6	Locker et al. [19]	Total 805 patients (413 males and 392 females). Age between 3 and 26 years.	General	Longitudinal cohort study	Children born in New Zealand in Queen Mary Hospital. Period between April 1972 and March 1973. Their mothers lived in Dunedin Metropolitan Area.	Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)	Dental anxiety has a direct proportional relation with psychological disorders.
7	Kim et al. [20]	Total 34 patients (10 males and 24 females). Total 340 control (100 males and 240 females). Age (males: 28.4 ± 6.6 years and females: 35.9 ± 14.0 years).	Oral medicine	Case-control	TMD patients following physical trauma. Control: TMD without physical trauma.	The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)	TMD patients with trauma history displayed more severe subjective, objective, and psychological dysfunction than those without trauma history.
8	Velly et al. [21]	Total 83 patients (16 males and 67 females). Total 100 control (36 males and 64 females). Age between 18 and 60 years.	TMD	Case-control	Age between 18 and 60 years. No pregnancy. Reading and speaking English or French. Nondental pain.	The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire.	Psychological disorders may be a contributing factor to myofascial pain.
9	Zach and Andreasen [22]	Total 98 female patients. Total 98 female control. Age above 18 years.	TMD	Case-control	Females above 18 years of age	The Crown Crisp Experimental Index (CCEI).	Psychological factors may play a role in etiology of TMJ problems.