Table 3.
Main characteristics of HCC diagnosed during periodical surveillance according to 2 aetiology groups of cirrhosis after pooling alcohol and mixed groups.
| n | Total (431 patients) | Viral (273 patients) | Alcoholic+Mixed (158 patients) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At HCC diagnosis | |||||
| Sex (M/F) | 429 | 309 (72%) | 178 (65%) | 131 (83%) | 0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 430 | 63 (55–71) | 64 (55–72) | 63 (55–70) | 0.29 |
| Median time between last normal liver imaging and HCC (months, IQR) | 6.4 (3.3–10.2) | 6.2 (3.4–9.1) | 6.9 (3.2–11.9) | 0.18 | |
| Solitary nodule (n, %) | 405 | 245 (61%) | 158 (61%) | 87 (60%) | 0.76 |
| Size of main nodule (mm) | 377 | 20 (15–26) | 20 (15–27) | 20 (15–25) | 0.87 |
| AFP (ng/ml) | 211 | 10 (4–87) | 18 (5.5–119) | 8 (3.7–57) | 0.023 |
| Macrovascular invasion | 352 | 33 (9%) | 18 (8%) | 15 (11%) | 0.42 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | 146 | 5 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 1.00 |
| Performance status | 329 | 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 278 (84%) | 203 (89%) | 75 (74%) | ||
| 1–2–3 | 51(16%) | 25 (11%) | 26 (26%) | ||
| Milan + | 431 | 318 (74%) | 207 (76%) | 111 (70%) | 0.25 |
| BCLC | 317 | <10–4 | |||
| 0/A | 225 (71%) | 166 (80%) | 59 (54%) | ||
| B,C,D | 92 (29%) | 41 (20%) | 51 (46%) | ||
| Prothrombin time (%) | 281 | 0.18 | |||
| <40 | 7 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 2 (2%) | ||
| 40–50 | 9 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 6 (6%) | ||
| >50 | 264 (94%) | 166 (95%) | 99 (92%) | ||
| Albumin (g/L) | 252 | 0.0008 | |||
| <28 | 18 (7%) | 8 (5%) | 10 (10%) | ||
| 28–35 | 67 (27%) | 28 (19%) | 39 (37%) | ||
| >35 | 166 (66%) | 112 (76%) | 55 (53%) | ||
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 250 | 0.25 | |||
| <35 | 211 (84%) | 122 (84%) | 89 (86%) | ||
| 35–50 | 25 (10%) | 13 (9%) | 12 (11%) | ||
| >50 | 14 (6%) | 11 (7%) | 3 (3%) | ||
| Child-Pugh B or C | 360 | 66 (18%) | 37 (16%) | 29 (23%) | 0.12 |
| Platelets (G/mm3) | 244 | 111 (80–154) | 111 (80–154) | 111 (79–170) | 0.73 |
| Esophageal varices (0–>0) | 431 | 290/141 | 192 / 81 | 98/ 60 | 0.10 |
| First-line treatment of HCC | |||||
| Any Treatment | 431 | 0.58 | |||
| Yes | 393 (91%) | 251 (92%) | 142 (90%) | ||
| No | 38 (9%) | 22 (8%) | 16 (10%) | ||
| Curative treatment* | 431 | 0.36 | |||
| None | 188 (44%) | 118 (43%) | 70 (44%) | ||
| Percutaneous ablation** | 186 (43%) | 115 (42%) | 71 (45%) | ||
| Resection | 54 (12%) | 39 (14%) | 15 (10%) | ||
| Both | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | ||
| Resection | 417 | 57 (13%) | 40 (15%) | 17 (11%) | 0.33 |
| Percutaneous ablation** | 431 | 189 (44%) | 116 (42%) | 73 (47%) | 0.45 |
| Arterial embolisation | 415 | 88 (21%) | 54 (20%) | 33 (22%) | 0.81 |
| Sorafenib | 414 | 42 (10%) | 25 (9%) | 17 (11%) | 0.64 |
| Miscellaneous | 290 | 37 (9%) | 25 (9%) | 12 (12%) | 1.00 |
| Liver transplantation*** | 301 | 32 (8%) | 24 (9%) | 8 (5%) | 0.23 |
Univariate comparisons use Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank test for quantitative variables. AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcleona Clinic Liver Cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.
*
Either resection or percutaneous ablation
**
radiofrequency, microwave, irreversible electroporation
***
2nd intent after local treatment.