Figure 2.

Short- and long-term temperature variations have contrasting impacts on species coexistence. (a–d) Proportion of simulations producing species coexistence dynamics, where brighter colours indicate greater proportions of coexisting species. Each panel has constant long-term variation (σ_long, labelled above each panel) but variable mean temperature (T_mean, x-axis) and short-term variation (σ_short, y-axis). Species coexistence occurs if both species sustain through 20 000 short-term variations and 286 long-term variations (4-million calculations of population change). A species becomes extinct if its density is too low (N_i < N_ext); each combination of mean and variability is repeated for 100 times. (e–h) The proportion of coexistence with the same definition, but each panel has a constant short-term variation (σ_short, labelled above each panel) and variable long-term variation (σ_long, y-axis). (Online version in colour.)