Figure 5.

Different combinations of short-term temperature variation, long-term temperature variation and mean temperature can generate diverse patterns of species coexistence. (a–d) Coexistence can be promoted by greater temperature variability when the increase is in short-term variation (σ_short). (e–h) Coexistence may also occur when variability is intermediate when the increase is in long-term variation (σ_long) [4,6]. (i–l) Alternatively, coexistence can be hindered by temperature variability [10] when the increased variability is of long-term variation (σ_long) at a different mean temperature (T_mean). (m–p) Finally, it is also possible that coexistence is promoted when variability is very high or very low, when the increased variability contains both short- and long-term variation (both σ_short and σ_long). We provide examples of temperature time series for each pattern with the probability of species coexistence and single-species dominance above each panel. (Online version in colour.)