Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Other Characteristics for Participants.
| Characteristics | Participants, No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 344) | Incentive (n = 86) | Environmental strategies (n = 86) | Combined (n = 86) | Usual care (n = 86) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 45.6 (10.5) | 46.4 (9.5) | 46.6 (10.9) | 44.9 (11.1) | 44.6 (10.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 247 (71.8) | 61 (70.9) | 61 (70.9) | 61 (70.9) | 64 (74.4) |
| Male | 97 (28.2) | 25 (29.1) | 25 (29.1) | 25 (29.1) | 22 (25.6) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 14 (4.1) | 4 (4.7) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (4.7) | 4 (4.7) |
| Non-Hispanic | |||||
| Black | 172 (50.0) | 37 (43.0) | 43 (50.0) | 49 (57.0) | 43 (50.0) |
| White | 138 (40.1) | 38 (44.2) | 35 (40.7) | 30 (34.9) | 35 (40.7) |
| Othera | 20 (5.8) | 7 (8.1) | 6 (7.0) | 3 (3.5) | 4 (4.7) |
| Education | |||||
| Less than college | 19 (5.5) | 5 (5.8) | 4 (4.7) | 5 (5.8) | 5 (5.8) |
| Some college or special training | 128 (37.2) | 30 (34.9) | 36 (41.9) | 28 (32.6) | 34 (39.5) |
| College graduate | 197 (57.3) | 51 (59.3) | 46 (53.5) | 53 (61.6) | 47 (54.7) |
| Annual household income, $ | |||||
| ≤49 999 | 67 (21.4) | 13 (17.1) | 15 (19.2) | 23 (29.5) | 16 (19.8) |
| 50 000-74 999 | 115 (36.7) | 29 (38.2) | 28 (35.9) | 27 (34.6) | 31 (38.3) |
| ≥75 000 | 131 (41.9) | 34 (44.7) | 35 (44.9) | 28 (35.9) | 34 (42.0) |
| Household size, No. of individuals | |||||
| 1-2 | 162 (47.1) | 38 (44.2) | 43 (50.0) | 47 (54.7) | 34 (39.5) |
| ≥3 | 182 (52.9) | 48 (55.8) | 43 (50.0) | 39 (45.3) | 52 (60.5) |
| Personal characteristics and lifestyle | |||||
| Baseline body mass index, median (IQR)b | 36.5 (7.1) | 36.9 (6.1) | 36.1 (7.3) | 36.7 (8.7) | 36.45 (7) |
| Stage of change, action and maintenancec | 120 (34.9) | 38 (44.2) | 22 (25.6) | 26 (30.2) | 34 (39.5) |
| Moderate and vigorous physical activity, median (IQR), min/wkd,e | 270 (540) | 330 (480) | 270 (620) | 240 (600) | 240 (435) |
| Walking, min/wkd,e | 225 (375) | 250 (330) | 185 (310) | 220 (430) | 277.5 (510) |
| Cognitive restraint scale score, mean (SD)f | 44.2 (16.8) | 43.7 (17.7) | 43.7 (17.5) | 44.5 (17.1) | 45.0 (15.2) |
| Eating scale score, mean (SD)f | |||||
| Uncontrolled | 39.8 (18.6) | 40.8 (19.1) | 38.3 (18.6) | 40.6 (18.3) | 39.7 (18.7) |
| Emotional | 46.5 (27.9) | 48.1 (28.9) | 46.6 (27.3) | 46.8 (29.8) | 44.6 (26.0) |
| SF-36 General Health score, mean (SD)g | 64.4 (18.8) | 67.4 (17.9) | 62.7 (17.5) | 62.0 (20.5) | 65.7 (19.2) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SF-36, 36-Item Short-Form Survey.
Includes Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial individuals.
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Stage of change has 2 categories: contemplation and preparation, and action and maintenance.
Measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
Data are missing for 31 participants for annual household income, 35 participants for moderate and vigorous physical activity, and 30 participants for walking.
Eating behavior control is measured by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. The raw eating scale scores are transformed to a 0 to 100 scale as follows: [(raw score – lowest possible raw score) / possible raw score range] × 100. Higher scores in the respective scales are indicative of greater cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, or emotional eating.
General health is assessed using SF-36 with default range from 1 to 100. Higher values denote better health conditions.