Table 2. Selected Characteristics and Behaviors Statistically Significantly Associated With Reporting Decreased Social Connectedness on Multivariable Analysis.
| Variable name | Variable categories | Predicted probabilities, % (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Men | 33.2 (31.2-35.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| Women | 40.4 (38.6-42.1) | <.001 | |
| Race/ethnicity | White non-Hispanic | 38.0 (36.5-39.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| Black non-Hispanic | 30.3 (25.9-34.8) | .001 | |
| Hispanic | 38.9 (34.5-43.2) | .72 | |
| Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or unknown | 34.4 (28.2-40.5) | .27 | |
| Annual income, $ | <25 000 | 34.2 (31.4-37.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| ≥25 000 | 38.5 (36.8-40.1) | .02 | |
| Do not know | 31.7 (24.8-38.6) | .51 | |
| Medicaid dual eligible in 2019 | No | 38.0 (36.5-39.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| Fully dual eligible | 28.6 (23.5-33.6) | .001 | |
| Partially dual eligible | 35.9 (27.3-44.5) | .65 | |
| QMB eligible only | 36.6 (26.6-46.5) | .78 | |
| Primary location of care receipt | Physician’s office/medical clinic | 37.6 (36.2-38.9) | 1 [Reference] |
| Managed care plan center/HMO | 43.8 (37.3-50.4) | .06 | |
| Other clinic (eg, rural, company) | 39.6 (29.0-50.2) | .71 | |
| Urgent care/emergency department | 27.1 (22.2-32.0) | <.001 | |
| Veterans Affairs facility | 28.9 (20.9-36.8) | .04 | |
| Other type of location | 29.4 (5.2-53.7) | .51 | |
| No regular care at a location | 52.5 (25.4-79.7) | .28 | |
| Own computer | No | 34.4 (32.2-36.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 38.4 (36.6-40.2) | .01 | |
| Used video or voice calls over the internet | No | 33.3 (31.1-35.4) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 40.3 (38.6-42.0) | <.001 | |
| Missed any health appointment because of COVID-19 | No | 35.7 (34.3-37.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 42.4 (39.4-45.4) | <.001 | |
| Total COVID-19 precautions taken | ≤4 | 30.6 (26.3-34.9) | 1 [Reference] |
| 5 | 33.6 (31.1-36.2) | .17 | |
| 6 | 38.7 (37.3-40.2) | .001 | |
| Other webpages/internet used for information on COVID-19 | No | 35.2 (33.2-37.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 39.1 (37.0-41.3) | .02 | |
| History of depression | No | 35.5 (33.9-37.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 41.7 (39.0-44.3) | .001 | |
| History of cancer | No | 36.3 (34.8-37.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 40.8 (38.0-43.6) | .004 |
Abbreviations: HMO, health maintenance organization; QMB, Qualified Medicare Beneficiary.