Figure. CONSORT Flow Diagram.

^aAll 30 patients received deep brain stimulation; 26 had a preference for local anesthesia, and 4 had a preference for general anesthesia.

^bFive patients had previous unilateral subthalamic nucleus or bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation, 1 patient lived abroad, and 1 patient decided against surgery.

^cOne patient was not eligible for deep brain stimulation and withdrew from follow-up after randomization owing to a new comorbidity.

^dFour patients refused to undergo neuropsychological examination after 6-month follow-up.