Association of hepatic gene modules with metabolic traits points to Nox4-associated plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and creatinine production. Effect of diet or genetic background on plasma TMAO (A) and liver triacylglycerol (TG) (B), and hepatic expression of Fmo3 (C) and Nox4 (D). Spearman correlation between plasma TMAO and Fmo3 (E) or Nox4 (F) abundance. Spearman correlation between liver TG and Fmo3 (G) or Nox4 (H) abundance. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, n = 6 mice for each founder, three for AIN-93M diet (light blue color) and three for high-fat and cholic acid (HFCA) diet-fed mice (purple color). A/J (yellow), B6 (gray), C57BL/6J; 129 (pink), 129S1/SvlmJ; NOD (blue), NOD/ShiLtJ; NZO (light blue), NZO/HILtJ; CAST (green), CAST/EiJ; PWJ (red), PWK/PhJ; WSB (purple), WSB/EiJ.