Figure 1.
Top: schematic of the two parallel pathways for NO formation: the NOS-dependent and nitrate-nitrite-NO pathways. Middle: impact of inorganic nitrate and nitrite supplementation on many of the dysfunctional cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle elements found in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF. Bottom: impact of inorganic nitrate and nitrite supplementation on exercise efficiency and tolerance in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF. See text for additional information. a-Vo2 difference, arteriovenous O2 content difference; NO, nitric oxide; NO3−, nitrate; NO2−, nitrite; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; V̇o2peak, peak oxygen uptake; WRmax, maximal power output.