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An example of how breathing in mice is depressed by direct administration of fentanyl into the prefrontal cortex A: adequate respiratory control includes the ability to vary breathing in response to environmental challenges. B shows how Poincaré analyses can be used to visualize the decrease in breathing variability caused by delivering fentanyl into mouse prefrontal cortex. Modified from Zhang et al. 2019 (284). PFC, prefrontal cortex. *P < 0.05.
