Figure 4.

YAP involves in the inhibitory efficacy of ligustilide against HCC cell-induced macrophage recruitment and polarization towards M2 phenotype. (a and b) HCC cells were transfected with the recombinant rYAP plasmids, and the effects on YAP mRNA and protein levels were evaluated. (c to f) HCC cells transfected with rYAP vectors were treated with ligustilide, and co-cultured with macrophage. Then, cell migration (c), % of CD14⁺CD206⁺ cells (d), mRNA levels of CD163, CCL22, Arg1, CD206 (e), and production of IL-10 and TGF-β (f) were assessed. ^*P < 0.05 vs. control group. ^§P < 0.05 vs. CC-treated group. ^&P < 0.05 vs. CC and LIG group.