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. 2021 Sep 8;7(1):e12207. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12207

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© 2021 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Estimated cognitive trajectories (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) over years since baseline for intervention group participants (those who undertook university study) and the comparison group (those who did not), holding age at entry into study and cognitive reserve (CR) at their respective means. The greatest group differences appear in tests where comparison group participants did not appear to benefit from re‐test practice effects: tests of verbal memory, vocabulary, and comprehension