Table 2.
Prevalence of Cervical, Vulvar, Anal and Oral Human papillomavirus infections among sexually active women from the general population in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria (N = 310)
| Variable | Cervical sample | Vulvar sample | Anal sample | Oral sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N1 | Prevalence % [95% CI] | n/N | Prevalence (%) [95% CI] | n/N | Prevalence (%) [95% CI] | n/N | Prevalence (%) [95% CI] | |
| Any HPV genotype | p = 0.014* | p = 0.523 | p = 0.021* | p = 0.669 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 79/118 | 66.9 (57.8–75.3) | 86/121 | 71.1 (62.1–79.0) | 74/120 | 61.7 (52.4–70.4) | 20/111 | 18.0 (11.4–26.4) |
| 25–34 years | 62/100 | 62.0 (51.7–71.5) | 68/100 | 68.0 (57.9–77.0) | 57/97 | 58.9 (48.3–68.7) | 15/92 | 16.3 (9.4–25.5) |
| 35–45 years | 41/87 | 47.1 (36.3–58.1) | 56/88 | 63.6 (52.7–73.6) | 41/86 | 47.7 (36.8–58.7) | 11/83 | 13.3 (6.8–22.5) |
| Overall | 182/305 | 59.7 (53.9–65.2) | 210/309 | 68.0 (62.4–73.1) | 172/303 | 56.8 (51.0–62.4) | 46/286 | 16.1 (12.0–20.9) |
| HPV classification by IARC2 Class 1—Carcinogenic3 | p = 0.074* | p = 0.026* | p = 0.230* | p = 0.967 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 58/118 | 49.2 (39.8–58.5) | 65/121 | 53.7 (44.4–62.8) | 50/120 | 41.7 (32.7–51.0) | 11/111 | 9.9 (5.1–17.0) |
| 25–34 years | 41/100 | 41.0 (31.3–51.3) | 48/100 | 48.0 (37.9–58.2) | 38/97 | 39.2 (29.4–49.6) | 9/92 | 9.9 (4.6–17.8) |
| 35–45 years | 29/87 | 33.3 (23.6–44.3) | 36/88 | 40.9 (30.5–51.9) | 26/86 | 30.2 (20.8–41.1) | 9/83 | 10.8 (5.1–19.6) |
| Overall | 128/305 | 42.0 (36.4–47.7) | 149/309 | 48.2 (42.5–53.9) | 114/303 | 37.6 (32.1–43.3) | 29/286 | 10.1 (6.9–14.2) |
| Class 2A—Probable carcinogenic4 | p = 0.8355 | p = 0.954 | p = 0.094b | p = 0.749b | ||||
| 18–24 years | 5/118 | 4.2 (1.4–9.6) | 9/121 | 7.4 (3.5–13.7) | 8/120 | 6.7 (2.9–12.7) | 1/111 | 0.9 (0.02–4.9) |
| 25–34 years | 4/100 | 4.0 (1.1–9.9) | 8/100 | 8.0 (3.5–15.2) | 1/97 | 1.0 (0.0–5.6) | 0/92 | 0 |
| 35–45 years | 5/87 | 5.7 (1.9–12.9) | 6/88 | 6.8 (2.5–14.3) | 5/86 | 5.8 (1.9–13.0) | 1/83 | 1.2 (0.03–6.5) |
| Overall | 14/305 | 4.6 (2.5–7.6) | 23/309 | 7.4 (4.8–11.0) | 14/303 | 4.6 (2.5–7.6) | 2/286 | 0.7 (0.08–2.5) |
| Class 2B—Possible carcinogenic6 | p = 0.006* | p = 0.102 | p = 0.265 | p = 0.966 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 54/118 | 45.8 (36.6–55.2) | 60/121 | 49.6 (40.4–58.8) | 47/120 | 39.2 (30.4–48.5) | 7/111 | 6.3 (2.6–12.6) |
| 25–34 years | 40/100 | 40.0 (30.3–50.3) | 50/100 | 50.0 (39.8–60.2) | 40/97 | 41.2 (31.3–51.7) | 6/92 | 6.5 (2.4–13.7) |
| 35–45 years | 21/87 | 24.1 (15.6–34.5) | 32/88 | 36.4 (26.4–47.3) | 26/86 | 30.2 (20.8–41.1) | 6/83 | 7.2 (2.7–15.1) |
| Overall | 115/305 | 37.7 (32.2–43.4) | 142/309 | 46.0 (40.3–51.7) | 113/303 | 37.3 (31.8–43.0) | 19/286 | 6.6 (4.0–10.2) |
| Class 3—Unclassified7 | p = 0.019* | p = 0.154 | p = 0.597 | p = 0.835 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 14/118 | 11.9 (6.6–19.1) | 16/121 | 13.2 (7.8–20.6) | 12/120 | 10.0 (5.3–16.8) | 4/111 | 3.6 (0.9–9.0) |
| 25–34 years | 5/100 | 5.0 (1.6–11.3) | 8/100 | 8.0 (3.5–15.2) | 6/97 | 6.2 (2.3–13.0) | 2/92 | 2.2 (0.3–7.6) |
| 35–45 years | 2/87 | 2.3 (0.3–8.1) | 5/88 | 5.7 (1.9–12.8) | 7/86 | 8.1 (3.3–16.1) | 3/83 | 3.6 (0.8–10.2) |
| Overall | 21/305 | 6.9 (4.3–10.3) | 29/309 | 9.4 (6.4–13.2) | 25/303 | 8.3 (5.4–11.9) | 9/286 | 3.1 (1.4–5.9) |
| Any HR-HPV genotypes8 | p = 0.095* | p = 0.142* | p = 0.243 | p = 0.965 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 60/118 | 53.1 (44.7–61.3) | 69/121 | 59.3 (51.0–67.3) | 53/120 | 44.2 (35.1–53.5) | 12/111 | 10.8 (5.7–18.1) |
| 25–34 years | 44/100 | 38.0 (28.1–48.8) | 51/100 | 44.6 (34.2–55.3) | 38/97 | 39.2 (29.4–49.6) | 9/92 | 9.8 (4.6–17.8) |
| 36–45 years | 31/87 | 33.3 (22.2–46.0) | 38/67 | 41.8 (29.8–54.5) | 28/86 | 32.6 (22.8–43.5) | 9/83 | 10.8 (5.1–19.6) |
| Overall | 135/305 | 44.3 (38.6–50.0) | 158/309 | 51.1 (45.4–56.8) | 119/303 | 39.3 (33.7–45.0) | 30/286 | 10.5 (7.2–14.6) |
| Any LR-HPV genotype9 | p = 0.001* | p = 0.047* | p = 0.495 | p = 0.891 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 60/118 | 50.8 (41.5–60.2) | 66/121 | 54.5 (45.2–63.6) | 56/120 | 46.7 (37.5–56.0) | 11/111 | 9.9 (5.1–17.0) |
| 25–34 years | 41/100 | 41.0 (31.3–51.3) | 50/100 | 50.0 (39.8–60.2) | 44/97 | 45.4 (35.2–55.8) | 8/92 | 8.7 (3.8–16.4) |
| 35–45 years | 22/87 | 25.3 (16.6–35.7) | 33/88 | 37.5 (27.4–48.5) | 33/86 | 38.4 (28.1–49.5) | 9/83 | 10.8 (5.1–19.6) |
| Overall | 123/305 | 40.3 (34.8–46.1) | 149/309 | 48.2 (42.5–53.9) | 133/303 | 43.9 (38.2–49.7) | 28/286 | 9.8 (6.6–13.8) |
| Multiple HPV genotypes infection10 | p < 0.001* | p = 0.012* | p = 0.014* | p = 0.7215 | ||||
| 18–24 years | 54/118 | 45.8 (36.6–55.2) | 59/121 | 48.7 (39.6–58.0) | 51/120 | 42.5 (33.5–51.9) | 4/111 | 3.6 (1.0–9.0) |
| 25–34 years | 29/100 | 29.0 (20.4–38.9) | 42/100 | 42.0 (32.2–52.3) | 31/97 | 32.0 (22.9–42.2) | 4/92 | 4.3 (1.2–10.8) |
| 35–45 years | 18/87 | 20.7 (12.7–30.7) | 25/88 | 28.4 (19.3–39.0) | 20/86 | 23.3 (14.8–33.6) | 5/83 | 6.0 (2.0–13.5) |
| Overall | 101/305 | 33.1 (27.9–38.7) | 126/309 | 40.8 (35.2–46.5) | 102/303 | 33.7 (28.4–39.3) | 13/286 | 4.5 (2.4–7.6) |
1n/N—number of samples with positive HPV infection as numerator and total samples with valid result as denominator; 2IARC—International Agency for Research on Cancer (*HPV genotypes in IARC classification that are not included in the Anyplex II HPV28 platform); 3Class 1 IARC HPV-16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59; 4Class 2A IARC HPV—68; 5Bartlett’s test for equal variances were significant (p < 0.05); 6Class 2B IARC HPV—5*, 8*, 26, 30*, 34*, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55*, 61, 66, 67*, 69, 70, 71*, 72*, 73, 81*, 82, 83*, 84*, 85*, 97*, IS39* and CP6108*; 7Class 3 IARC HPV—6, 11; 8HR-HPV Group—Class 1 IARC HPV and Class 2A IARC HPV; 9LR-HPV—Class 2b IARC and Class 3 IARC; 10Multiple HPV infection-detection of two or more genotypes of HPV by Anyplex II HPV28 from a sample. All invalid samples were excluded from the descriptive analysis