Table 3.

Stepwise regression analysis for pre-existing diabetic dialysis patients with 5-year survival rate, n = 2956

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95% CI)	P-value	aHR (95% CI)	P-value
Age > 60 year	2.31 (2.01–2.65)	< 0.001	2.05 (1.78–2.35)	< 0.001
Gender—male	1.09 (0.96–1.24)	0.183
Anti-diabetic drug use
Non-user	1		1
OHA	0.44 (0.37–0.53)	< 0.001	0.56 (0.49–0.68)	< 0.001
Insulin	0.52 (0.43–0.63)	< 0.001	0.66 (0.55–0.80)	< 0.001
Region
Northern	1
Central	1.01 (0.86–1.19)	0.900
Southern/Eastern	0.94 (0.81–1.09)	0.398
Insured premium (NT$)
< 15,840	1
15,840–25,000	0.87 (0.75–1.02)	0.084
> 25,000	0.80 (0.68–0.95)	0.012
Urbanization
Urban	1
Sub-urban	1.09 (0.95–1.25)	0.236
Rural	1.10 (0.90–1.33)	0.365
Hospital characteristics
Medical center	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	0.674
Region/others	1
Number of admissions during the 12 months leading up to dialysis
0–1	1		1
> 1	1.72 (1.51–1.95)	< 0.001	1.59 (1.38–1.83)	< 0.001
Dialysis modality
Peritoneal dialysis	1
Hemodialysis	0.86 (0.64–1.15)	0.306
Comorbidity
Hypertension	1.14 (0.98–1.31)	0.070	0.73 (0.67–0.91)	0.002
Hyperlipidemia	0.80 (0.69–0.93)	0.003
Gout	1.07 (0.86–1.32)	0.562
Congestive heart failure	1.22 (1.07–1.39)	0.003
Cerebrovascular accident	1.35 (1.16–1.57)	< 0.001	1.21 (1.03–1.41)	0.020
COPD	1.57 (1.27–1.64)	< 0.001	1.21 (0.98–1.49)	0.087
Chronic liver disease	1.65 (1.32–2.07)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.18–1.86)	0.001
Malignancy	1.65 (1.36–2.01)	< 0.001	1.24 (1.01–1.52)	0.037
ACEI/ARB use	0.59 (0.52–0.67)	< 0.001	0.56 (0.47–0.68)	< 0.001
Lipid-lowering drug use	0.50 (0.43–0.58)	< 0.001	0.66 (0.55–0.80)	< 0.001

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, aHR adjusted hazard ratio, OHA oral hypoglycemia agents, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers