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. 2021 Sep 8;18:96. doi: 10.1186/s12954-021-00540-1

Table 2.

Participants’ Characteristics

N = 983 % Mean SD Min Max
Gender – – – – – –
Male 635 61.7 – – – –
Female 393 38.2 – – – –
Non-binary/prefer not to disclose 2 0.2 – – – –
Ethnicity – – – – – –
White 998 96.9 – – – –
Black/African/Caribbean 6 .6 – – – –
Mixed/Multiple ethnic background 13 1.3 – – – –
Asian (incl. n = 1 Other) 13 1.3 – – – –
Countries of origin1 – – – – – –
United Kingdom 142 13.8 – – – –
Ukraine 145 14.1 – – – –
Spain 94 9.1 – – – –
Italy 90 8.7 – – – –
Poland 61 5.9 – – – –
Bosnia & Herzegovina 52 5.0 – – – –
Germany 46 4.5 – – – –
Romania 46 4.5 – – – –
Other European countries 278 26.96
Occupation – – – – – –
Routine and manual 234 22.7 – – – –
Intermediate 257 25 – – – –
Managerial & professional 433 42 – – – –
Never worked & Long term unemployed 106 10.3 – – – –
Economic activity – – – – – –
Employed (incl. employed & studying) 785 76.2 – – – –
Unemployed & looking for work 96 9.3 – – – –
Unemployed & studying 50 4.9 – – – –
Retired 30 2.9 – – – –
Never worked &/or long term unemployed (incl. home carer) 69 6.7 – – – –
Highest qualification to date – – – – – –
Degree (or equivalent) 321 31.3 – – – –
Higher education (below degree level) 386 37.4 – – – –
A-levels or highers 129 12.5 – – – –
ONC or National level BTEC 22 2.1 – – – –
Age – – 37.81 10.60 18 83
Smoking/Vaping status2 – – – – – –
Current exclusive smokers 316 30.68 – – – –
Current Dual users 340 33.00 – – – –
Non-smokers/Non-vapers 327 31.75 – – – –
FTCD3 (N = 660) – – 3.81 2.45 0 9
MTSS4 (N = 660) – – 3.44 1.55 1 7

1Countries of origin excludes missing data (n = 25) and does not sum to 100% of the sample. Only those with a frequency greater than n = 40 is shown, see Additional file 4: Table S1 for a more detailed list of countries; 2Smoking/Vaping status includes daily and occasional current use, 22 cases were missing; 3FTCD = Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence; 4MTSS = Motivation to Stop [Smoking] Scale, both were measured in smokers only