Fig. 1.

Characterization NPs isolated from cosmetics. a, b Raman spectrum of NPs-1 isolated from face scrub, Insert; HR-SEM micrograph of NPs-1. c, d Raman spectrum of NPs-2 isolated from face scrub, Insert; HR-SEM micrograph of NPs-2. e Standard Raman spectrum of Polyethylene NPs, Insert; HR-SEM micrograph of PENPs. f Standard Raman spectrum of Polystyrene NPs, Insert; HR-TEM micrograph of PSNPs. a, c, e Raman spectra collected in the 200–3500 cm⁻¹ range and b, d, f Raman spectra collected in the 200–1700 cm⁻¹ range