Table 2.
Diagnostic significance of sEV-derived ncRNAs in PDAC
| Reference | Sample | sEV isolation | Normalization | ncRNA (expression in PC) | Patients enrolled | Diagnostic accuracy (AUC) (PC vs. non-PC if not stated otherwise) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (↑) | (↓) | ||||||
| Que et al. [142] | Serum | UC | RNU6B |
miR-17-5p miR-21 |
– | 22 PDAC, 6 BPT, 7 AC, 6 CP, 8 HC |
0.887 (miR-17-5p) 0.897 (miR-21) |
| Madhavan et al. [156] | Serum | DGUC |
RNU6, SNORD43 18S & 5S rRNA |
miRs 1246, 4644, 3976, 4306 | – | 112 PDAC, 11 other PC, 22 BPT, 23 CP, 18 HC | Not assessed |
| Machida et al. [158] | Saliva | TEI | RNU6 |
miR-1246 miR-4644 |
– | 12 PBC (thereof 9 PDAC), 13 HC |
0.814 (miR-1246), 0.763 (miR-4644) 0.833 (miRs 1246 + 4644) |
| Lai et al. [146] | Plasma | UC | miR-425-5p | miRs 10b, 20a, 21, 30c, 106b, 181a | miRs let7a, 122 | 29 PDAC, 11 CP, 6 HC |
1.00 (miRs 10b, 21, 30c, 181a, let7a) 0.99 (miR-122), 0.95 (miR-20a), 0.85 (miR-106b) |
| Chen et al. [229] | Serum | UC | 5S rRNA | miR-23b-3p | – | 16 PDAC, 20 HC | 1.00 (miR-23-3p) |
| Xu et al. [157] | Plasma | EQ | cel-miR-54 |
miR-1246 miR-196a miR-196b (n.s.) |
– |
15 PC (UICC I-IIa) 15 HC |
0.73 (miR-1246) 0.81 (miR-196a) 0.71 (miR-196b) |
| Goto et al. [145] | Serum | EQ | not specified | miRs 21, 191, 451a | – | 32 PC, 22 HC |
0.826 (miR-21), 0.788 (miR-191) 0.759 (miR-451a) |
| Zhou et al. [152] | Plasma | EQ | miR-103a |
miR-122-5p, miR-193b-3p |
miR-221-3p | 31 PC, 37 HC |
0.772 (miR-122-5p), 0.651 (miR-193b-3p) 0.849 (miRs 122-5p + 193b-3p) |
| Kitagawa et al. [162] | Plasma | not specified | not specified | SNORA74A, SNORA25, SNORA22, SNORA14B, SNORD22 | – | 27 PDAC, 13 HC |
0.909 (SNORA74A) 0.903 (SNORA25) 0.883 (SNORA22) 0.875 (SNORA14B) 0.862 (SNORD22) |
| Nakamura et al. [160] | PJ | UC | miR-16 |
miR-21 miR-155 |
– | 27 PDAC, 8 CP |
0.83 (miR-21) 0.89 (miR-155) 0.91 (miR-21 + miR-155) |
| Zou et al. [230] | Serum | EQ | cel-miR-39 | miRs 19a, 19b, 192 | – | 32 PC, 32 HC | Not assessed |
| Shang et al. [204] | Plasma | UC | RNU6 | – | miR-1231 | 32 PC, 20 HC | Not assessed |
| Sun et al. [76] | Plasma | UC | not specified | miR-3607-3p | – | 40 PC, 20 HC | Not assessed |
| Takahashi et al. [55] | Serum | EQ | RNU6B | lncHULC | – |
20 PDAC, 22 IPMN, 21 HC |
0.92 |
| Reese et al. [155] | Serum | UC | cel-miR-39 | miRs 200b, 200c | – | 56 PDAC, 11 CP, 22 HC |
0.77 (miR-200b TSE) 0.68 (miR-200c TSE) 0.97 (4-miR-panel + CA.19-9) |
| Pu et al. [151] | Plasma | TEI | n/a * | miR-10b, miR-21 | – | 36 PC, 65 HC |
0.6543 (miR-10b) 0.7171 (miR-21) 0.791 (miR-10b + miR-21) |
| Yoshizawa et al. [159] | Urine | EQ | miR-8069 | ratio of miRs 3940-5p/8069 | – | 43 PDAC, 12 CP, 25 HC | 0.732 |
| Yang et al. [167] | Plasma | TENPO | not specified | miR-409 | – | 57 PDAC, 49 HC, 12 CP, 3 IPMN, 12 BPT, 3 others |
0.95 (5-marker-panel including miR-409, 2 mRNAs, ccfDNA, and CA.19-9) |
| Flammang et al. [231] | Serum | UC | cel-miR-39 | miR-192-5p | – | 44 PDAC, 11 CP, 12 HC |
0.83 (PDAC vs. HC) 0.54 (PDAC vs. CP) |
| Wu et al. [144] | Serum | EQ | cel-miR-39 | miR-21, miR-210 | – | 30 PC, 10 CP |
0.83 (miR-21), 0.85 (miR-210) 0.90 (miR-21 + miR-210) 0.9 (miR-21 + CA-19-9) 0.9 (miR-210 + CA.19.9) |
| Guo et al. [116] | Serum | EQ | β-actin | lncUCA1 | – | 46 PC, 16 HC | 0.7813 |
| Zhou et al. [150] | Plasma | MC | CD81 | miRs 10b, 21, 451a | – | 30 PC, 10 CP |
0.875 (miR-10b) 0.939 (miR-21) 0.930 (miR-451a) 1.00 (miRs 10b + 21 + 451a + EphA2) |
| Cao et al. [107] | Plasma | TEI | cel-miR-39 |
miR-616 miR-4465 |
– | 50 PC, 30 HC | Not assessed |
| Wang et al. [232] | Serum | EEM | RNU6B | – | miR-1226 | 17 PDAC, 12 BPD | 0.74 (PDAC vs. BPD) |
| Shao et al. [154] | Serum | EQ | cel-miR-39 | miR-483-3p | – | 63 PDAC, 22 HC |
0.69 (sEV miR-483-3p) 0.84 (serum + sEV miR-483-3p) |
| Han et al. [115] | Plasma | EQ | RNU6 | lncCCAT1 | – | 93 PC, 93 HC | not assessed |
AC, ampullary carcinoma; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; BPT, benign pancreatic tumor; cel, caenorhabditis elegans; ccfDNA, circulating cell-free DNA; CP, chronic pancreatitis; DGUC, density gradient ultracentrifugation; EEM, ExoEasy Maxi Kit (Qiagen); EQ, ExoQuick Exosome Isolation Kit (System Biosciences); HC, healthy control; MC, microfluidic chip; mRNA, messenger RNA; other PC, non-PDAC pancreatic cancer; n.s., not significant; PanNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; PBC, pancreatobiliary cancer; PC, pancreatic cancer (all entities); PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PJ, pancreatic juice; TEI, Total Exosome Isolation Kit (ThermoFisher); TENPO, track etched magnetic nanopore device; UC, ultracentrifugation
*Pu et al. utilized a tethered cationic lipoplex nanoparticles biochip for direct and absolute quantification of sEV microRNA, obviating the need for normalization