Table 3.
Proportion of prelacteal feeding by each sociodemographic characteristic and the absolute risk difference
| Variables | PF (unweighted) | PF (weighted) | Unweighted Proportion of PF (%) | ARD (%) | Weighted Proportion of PF (%) | ARD (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |||||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||||
| 15–19 | 3152 | 505 | 3236 | 498 | 13.81 | Ref. | 13.33 | Ref. |
| 20–24 | 7720 | 1144 | 7779 | 1045 | 12.91 | 0.90 | 11.84 | 1.47 |
| 25–29 | 7362 | 1009 | 7571 | 951 | 12.05 | 1.76 | 11.15 | 2.18 |
| 30–34 | 5408 | 810 | 5576 | 723 | 13.03 | 0.78 | 11.48 | 1.85 |
| 35–39 | 3511 | 526 | 3610 | 494 | 13.03 | 0.78 | 12.48 | 0.85 |
| 40–44 | 1390 | 205 | 1402 | 208 | 12.85 | 0.96 | 12.04 | 1.29 |
| 45–49 | 271 | 43 | 289 | 41 | 13.69 | 0.12 | 12.91 | 0.42 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| No education | 8392 | 1360 | 7400 | 1067 | 16.08 | Ref. | 12.60 | Ref. |
| Primary | 14,407 | 1815 | 14,969 | 1862 | 11.19 | 4.89 | 11.06 | 1.54 |
| Sec & above | 7311 | 1007 | 7094 | 1030 | 12.74 | 3.34 | 12.68 | −0.80 |
| Mother’s occupation | ||||||||
| Working | 18,079 | 2750 | 18,695 | 2754 | 12.20 | Ref. | 12.84 | Ref. |
| Not working | 10,735 | 1492 | 10,768 | 1206 | 13.20 | 1.00 | 10.07 | 2.77 |
| Wealth index | ||||||||
| Poor | 13,295 | 2146 | 13,436 | 1880 | 13.90 | Ref. | 12.27 | Ref. |
| Middle | 5357 | 690 | 5798 | 738 | 11.41 | 2.49 | 11.29 | 0.98 |
| Rich | 10,162 | 1406 | 10,230 | 1341 | 12.15 | 1.75 | 11.59 | 0.68 |
| Sex of child | ||||||||
| Male | 14,348 | 2174 | 14,709 | 2034 | 13.16 | Ref. | 12.14 | Ref. |
| Female | 14,466 | 2068 | 14,754 | 1926 | 12.51 | 0.65 | 11.55 | 0.59 |
| Multiple birth | ||||||||
| No | 28,433 | 4145 | 29,097 | 3866 | 12.72 | Ref. | 11.73 | Ref. |
| Yes | 381 | 97 | 367 | 93 | 20.29 | −7.57 | 20.29 | −8.56 |
| Breastfeeding initiation | ||||||||
| Within 1 h | 24,319 | 2323 | 24,808 | 2155 | 8.71 | Ref. | 7.99 | Ref. |
| After 1 h | 4495 | 1919 | 4656 | 1804 | 29.92 | −21.21 | 27.93 | −19.94 |
| Media exposure | ||||||||
| No | 10,606 | 1561 | 10,772 | 1299 | 12.83 | Ref. | 10.76 | Ref. |
| Yes | 18,208 | 2681 | 18,691 | 2661 | 12.83 | 0.00 | 12.46 | −1.70 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| Primiparous | 5887 | 989 | 6070 | 951 | 14.38 | Ref. | 13.55 | Ref. |
| Multiparous Grand | 14,712 | 1972 | 14,977 | 1835 | 11.81 | 2.57 | 10.91 | 2.64 |
| multiparous | 8206 | 1281 | 8417 | 1173 | 13.50 | 0.88 | 12.24 | 1.31 |
| ANC visits | ||||||||
| No | 1890 | 559 | 2258 | 420 | 22.83 | Ref. | 15.69 | Ref. |
| One & two | 3631 | 653 | 3793 | 585 | 15.24 | 7.59 | 13.35 | 2.34 |
| Three | 7956 | 1020 | 8074 | 1000 | 11.36 | 11.47 | 11.02 | 4.67 |
| Four & above | 15,337 | 2010 | 15,338 | 1955 | 11.59 | 11.24 | 11.30 | 4.39 |
| Place of delivery | ||||||||
| Home | 7173 | 1883 | 7438 | 1634 | 20.79 | Ref. | 18.01 | Ref. |
| Health facility | 21,641 | 2359 | 22,026 | 2325 | 9.83 | 10.96 | 9.55 | 8.46 |
| Cesarean delivery | ||||||||
| Yes | 1531 | 435 | 1527 | 424 | 22.13 | −9.88 | 21.72 | −10.49 |
| No | 27,283 | 3807 | 27,937 | 3535 | 12.25 | Ref. | 11.23 | Ref. |
| Size of the child at birth | ||||||||
| Small | 4637 | 932 | 4732 | 790 | 16.74 | −4.22 | 14.32 | −2.75 |
| Average | 1557 | 2078 | 15,697 | 1987 | 11.77 | 0.75 | 11.23 | 0.34 |
| Large | 8605 | 1232 | 9035 | 1182 | 12.52 | Ref. | 11.57 | Ref. |
| Distance from the health facility | ||||||||
| Big problem | 12,146 | 1852 | 13,005 | 1764 | 13.23 | Ref. | 11.95 | Ref. |
| Not a big problem | 16,668 | 2390 | 16,459 | 2195 | 12.54 | 0.69 | 11.77 | 0.18 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 7207 | 1111 | 6613 | 997 | 13.36 | Ref. | 13.10 | Ref. |
| Rural | 21,607 | 3131 | 22,851 | 2962 | 12.66 | 0.70 | 11.48 | 1.62 |
| Community-level women education | ||||||||
| Low | 14,506 | 2059 | 15,396 | 1973 | 12.43 | Ref. | 11.36 | Ref. |
| High | 14,308 | 2183 | 14,068 | 1986 | 13.24 | −0.81 | 12.37 | −1.01 |
| Community poverty level | ||||||||
| Low | 14,100 | 2172 | 15,096 | 2112 | 13.35 | Ref. | 12.27 | Ref. |
| High | 14,714 | 2070 | 14,368 | 1847 | 12.33 | 1.02 | 11.39 | 0.88 |
| Community-level of ANC utilization | ||||||||
| High | 6430 | 962 | 6159 | 885 | 13.01 | Ref. | 12.56 | Ref. |
| Low | 10,037 | 1275 | 10,980 | 1278 | 11.27 | 1.74 | 10.43 | 2.13 |
| Middle | 12,347 | 2005 | 12,325 | 1796 | 13.97 | −0.96 | 12.72 | − 0.16 |
| Community-level media exposure | ||||||||
| Low | 14,287 | 1968 | 14,342 | 1705 | 12.11 | 1.41 | 10.63 | 2.34 |
| High | 14,527 | 2274 | 15,122 | 2254 | 13.53 | Ref. | 12.97 | Ref. |
| Country | ||||||||
| Burundi | 2349 | 155 | 2440 | 139 | 6.19 | 32.30 | 5.39 | 33.71 |
| Ethiopia | 3199 | 622 | 3728 | 322 | 16.28 | 22.21 | 7.95 | 31.21 |
| Kenya | 3134 | 525 | 2867 | 519 | 14.35 | 24.14 | 15.31 | 23.90 |
| Comoros | 666 | 422 | 686 | 443 | 38.49 | Ref. | 39.21 | Ref. |
| Madagascar | 1672 | 654 | 1757 | 617 | 28.12 | 10.37 | 26.00 | 13.21 |
| Malawi | 2078 | 63 | 2065 | 66 | 2.94 | 35.35 | 3.08 | 36.13 |
| Mozambique | 4009 | 238 | 4288 | 261 | 5.60 | 32.89 | 5.75 | 33.46 |
| Rwanda | 1417 | 64 | 1441 | 66 | 4.32 | 34.17 | 4.34 | 34.87 |
| ’Tanzania | 3404 | 598 | 3411 | 545 | 14.94 | 23.55 | 13.78 | 25.43 |
| Uganda | 1406 | 441 | 1355 | 452 | 23.88 | 14.61 | 25.01 | 14.20 |
| Zambia | 3544 | 213 | 3444 | 247 | 5.67 | 32.82 | 7.70 | 31.51 |
| Zimbabwe | 1936 | 247 | 1981 | 283 | 11.31 | 27.18 | 12.49 | 26.72 |
Note: PF Prelacteal Feeding, ARD Attributable Risk Difference, Ref. Reference