Table 1.
Baseline data of patients
| Characteristics | Stroke (n = 145) | Non-stroke (n = 577) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 70.5 ± 10.7 | 70.5 ± 10.7 | 0.983 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 78 (53.8) | 309 (53.5) | 0.959 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 25.5 ± 3.8 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | 0.033 |
| Normal (< 24 kg/m2), n (%) | 40 (31.0) | 211 (40.8) | 0.014 |
| Overweight (24–28 kg/m2), n (%) | 56 (43.4) | 226 (43.7) | – |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2), n (%) | 33 (25.6) | 80 (15.5) | – |
| Current Smoking, n (%) | 25 (17.2) | 77 (13.3) | 0.229 |
| Current Drinking, n (%) | 25 (17.2) | 99 (17.2) | 0.981 |
| High school completion, n (%) | 39 (26.9) | 134 (23.2) | 0.354 |
| Partial or full health insurance, n (%) | 134 (92.4) | 529 (91.7) | 0.773 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular System | 50 (34.5) | 191 (33.1) | 0.768 |
| Cerebrovascular system | 6 (4.1) | 18 (3.1) | 0.603 |
| Respiratory system | 1 (0.7) | 9 (1.6) | 0.696 |
| Metabolic disease | 50 (34.5) | 185 (32.1) | 0.620 |
| Vital signs | |||
| SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 132.0 ± 17.2 | 129.0 ± 17.0 | 0.058 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 79.0 ± 12.9 | 76.5 ± 11.0 | 0.029 |
| Heart rate (bpm), median (IQR) | 80 (65,94) | 78 (68,92) | 0.969 |
| Laboratory tests | |||
| FBG (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.5 (4.9,6.7) | 5.4 (4.9,6.2) | 0.252 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), median (IQR) | 96.0 (80.8,113.9) | 100.8 (81.3,121.22) | 0.284 |
| BNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 401.5 (139.0,860.3) | 221.0 (94.0,709.3) | 0.265 |
| NT-pro-BNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 1423.0 (682.0,3885.0) | 1129.0 (521.2,2295.0) | 0.233 |
| TTE | |||
| LA (mm), median (IQR) | 41.0 (37.0,46.3) | 42.0 (37.0,46.0) | 0.996 |
| LVEDD (mm), median (IQR) | 47.0 (45.0,52.0) | 48.0 (44.5,52.0) | 0.545 |
| LVEF (%), median (IQR) | 62.0 (55.0,67.0) | 63.0 (58.0,68.0) | 0.069 |
| Atrial fibrillation duration (year), median (IQR) | 2.5 (0.6,5.9) | 2.9 (0.8,8.3) | 0.168 |
| CAD | 18 (12.4) | 47 (8.2) | 0.108 |
| CKD | 11 (7.6) | 35 (6.1) | 0.503 |
| Atrial fibrillation type, n (%) | 0.364 | ||
| Paroxysmal | 62 (42.8) | 271 (47.0) | |
| Non-paroxysmal | 83 (57.2) | 306 (53.0) | |
| Atrial fibrillation type, n (%) | 0.212 | ||
| Valvular | 1 (0.7) | 15 (2.6) | |
| Non-valvular | 144 (99.3) | 562 (97.4) | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, n (%) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.628 |
| Low/medium risk (≤ 1) | 24 (16.6) | 114 (19.8) | 0.380 |
| High risk (≥ 2) | 121 (83.4) | 463 (80.2) | |
| HAS-BLED score, median (IQR)n (%) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.438628 |
| Low risk (< 3) | 84 (57.9) | 347 (60.1) | 0.628 |
| High risk (≥ 3) | 61 (42.1) | 230 (39.9) | |
| Contaminant medications, n (%) | |||
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | 16 (11.0) | 94 (16.3) | 0.123 |
| Ventricular rate control | 91 (62.8) | 341 (59.1) | 0.422 |
| Antithrombotic drugs | |||
| Aspirin | 66 (45.5) | 241 (41.8) | 0.453 |
| Warfarin | 47 (32.4) | 186 (32.2) | 0.967 |
| NOAC | 2 (1.4) | 39 (6.8) | 0.012 |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; NT-pro-BNP, N terminal pro-BNP; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; LA, left atrial inner diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NOAC, new oral anticoagulants