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. 2021 Sep 8;19:138. doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00820-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of uterine epithelial tissues from patients on LH + 7. A Absence of pinopodes. Secretory cells are covered by microvilli (white arrow). B Developing pinopodes. the small semi-spherical projection in the apical membrane is covered by short and sparse microvilli (white arrow). C Fully developed pinopodes. Microvilli have disappeared from the projections which appear to be fully maximally distended (white arrow). D Regressing pinopodes. The projections have a wrinkled surface (white arrow); small microvilli tips reappeared on the membranes. E Comparison of the proportion of the various coverage of pinopodes between the two groups. F SEM of pinopodes were graded semi-quantitatively. Control: receptive control (n = 10); RIF: recurrent implantation failure (n = 20)