Table 2.

Study Characteristics of the Economic Evaluation

Study, year	Type of economic evaluation	Empirical study or modelling	Time horizon	Source of costing	Primary outcome	Sensitivity analysis	Key scenarios	WTP threshold
Abimbola et al. 2012	Decision analytic model	Modelling	6 months after ART initiation	South Africa specific published literature	ICER ($/TB death averted)	One-way and probabilistic	Mortality rates, cost inputs	Per-capita South African 2012 GDP ($5,678 USD)
Adelman et al. 2017	Decision analytic model	Modelling	10 years	Parent study results, AHRI HIV clinic, published literature	ICER ($/DALY averted)	One-way	Varied model inputs based on ranges in the literature	Per-capita Ethiopian 2014 GDP ($505 USD)
Andrews et al. 2012	Decision analytic model	Modelling	Lifetime	Cape Town AIDS Cohort, unit costs from hospitals, published literature from South Africa	ICER ($/YLS)	One-way and two-way	Varied key parameters and costs	Per-capita South African 2010 GDP ($7,100 USD)
Bassett et al. 2010	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	HIV clinic data (McCord hospital)	Cost ($/TB case identified)	N/A	Subset of patients with cough at study entry	N/A
Bogdanova et al. 2019	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Finance department, medical insurance fund	Cost ($/TB case detected)	N/A	N/A	N/A
James et al. 2017	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	CENAT, National TB and Leprosy program, TB REACH	Cost ($/TB case detected)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ji et al. 2020	Cost-effectiveness analysis; cost-utility and cost benefit analyses	Modelling	3 years	National Essential Public Health Program (NEPHS)	ICER ($/DALY gained)	One-way	Varied key parameters, and ROC curve	3 times per capita 2016 GDP ($ CNY not stated)
Jit et al. 2011	Decision analytic model	Modelling	N/A	Find and Treat program records, NICE guidelines	ICER ($/QALY gained)	One-way	Varied all key parameters	20–30,000 GBP per QALY
Jo et al. 2020	Cost analysis	Empirical	2 years	TB REACH budgets and financial reports, program data	Cost ($/TB case identified)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Karki et al. 2017	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Program expenditures and budget	Cost ($/TB case detected)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Kranzer et al. 2012	Cost analysis	Empirical	20 months	Study data and published literature	Cost ($/TB case detected)	One-way	Varied staff salaries and discount rates	N/A
Machekera et al. 2019	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	ZimACF project data	Cost ($/case diagnosed)	One-way	Varied all unit costs	N/A
Maheswaran et al. 2012	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Modelling	2 years	Published data	ICER ($/QALY)	Probabilistic	VOI used as alternative to univariate SA	Per capita 2010 SSA GNI ($2167 USD)
Murray et al. 2016	Decision analytic model	Modelling	Lifetime	Published literature	ICER ($/life year gained)	One-way, multi-way, and probabilistic		Per capita 2014 Ugandan GNI ($680 USD)
Orlando et al. 2018	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Modelling	1 year	DREAM program, Global Fund data, published literature	ICER ($/DALY averted)	One-way	Varied all key parameters	Per capita 2016 Mozambique GDP ($382 USD)
Reddy et al. 2019	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Modelling	2 and 5 years, lifetime	STAMP trial, published literature	ICER ($/Year of life saved (YLS))	One-way, multi-way	Varied all key parameters	Malawi ($750 USD); South Africa ($940 USD)
Sekandi et al. 2015	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Modelling	1.5 years	Uganda NTP, program data and published literature	ICER ($/additional TB case detected)	One-way	Varied costs and probabilities	Twice per capita 2013 Ugandan GDP ($1102 USD)
Shah et al. 2017	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Modelling	N/A	Peru NTP data, published literature	ICER ($/DALY averted)	One-way	Varied all model parameters	Per capita 2014 Peruvian GNI ($6300 USD)
Shah et al. 2009	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Program data	Cost ($/TB case diagnosed)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Shah et al. 2008	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Provincial TB and HIV/AIDS program data	Cost ($/TB case diagnosed)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Smit et al. 2017	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Empirical	1 year	Flemish Association for Respiratory Health and TB Control	ICER (Euros/TB case detected)	One-way	Varied costs and number of cases detected	N/A
Sohn et al. 2019	Cost analysis	Empirical	1 year	Asha Kalp program finance and operations data	Cost ($/TB case detected)	One-way	Top-down and bottom-up cost estimates provided	N/A
Winestsky et al. 2012	Decision analytic model	Modelling	10 years	Primary data in prisons, published literature from Russia, Tajikistan and Latvia	ICER ($/QALY gained)	One-way, selected two-way, situational analyses	Varied all key parameters, and plausible situational analyses	Varied WTP thresholds
Yoon et al. 2019	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Program data	Cost ($/TB case diagnosed)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Zhang et al. 2016	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Program data	Cost ($/TB case diagnosed)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Zishiri et al. 2014	Cost analysis	Empirical	N/A	Department of Correctional Services finance data, published literature	Cost ($/TB case identified)	One-way	Changed base-case parameters	N/A
Zwerling et al. 2015	Decision analytic model	Modelling	Lifetime (assumed 59.2 years)	Cost and operational analysis of four study sites, published literature	ICER ($/DALY averted)	One-way, two-way and probabilistic uncertainty analysis	Varied all key parameters	Per capita 2010 average SSA GDP ($1417 USD)

4SS four symptom screen, ACF active case finding, ART antiretroviral therapy, CE cost effective, CRP C reactive protein, CXR chest x-ray, DALY disability adjusted life year, GDP gross domestic product, GNI gross national income, HCW healthcare workers, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICF intensified case finding, PCF passive case finding, PLHIV people living with HIV, TB tuberculosis, USD United States dollars, WTP willingness to pay threshold, Xpert GeneXpert MTB/RIF, YLS year of life saved