Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.

Characteristic	All (N = 54)	Cases (N = 30)	Controls (N = 24)	p Value
Age, median (IQR), years	65 (57–74)	62.5 (56–71)	71 (63–76)	.011
Male sex	36 (66.7)	23 (76.7)	13 (54.2)	.081
Charlson comorbidity score, median (IQR)	2 (0–5)	1 (0–3)	4 (2–6)	.002
Comorbidities
Any	47 (87.0)	23 (76.7)	24 (100)	.011
Hypertension	27 (50.0)	15 (50.0)	12 (50.0)	1.00
Malignancy	17 (31.5)	5 (16.7)	12 (50.0)	.009
Cardiovascular disease	15 (27.8)	7 (23.3)	8 (33.3)	.415
Diabetes	14 (25.9)	6 (20.0)	8 (33.3)	.267
Immunodeficiency state	10 (18.5)	4 (13.3)	6 (25.0)	.273
Obstructive pulmonary disease	7 (13.0)	3 (10.0)	4 (16.7)	.469
Chronic renal disease	7 (13.0)	4 (13.3)	3 (12.5)	.928
Cerebrovascular disease	6 (11.1)	2 (6.7)	4 (16.7)	.245
Chronic liver disease	6 (11.1)	2 (6.7)	4 (16.7)	.245
Other diseases	11 (20.4)	3 (10.0)	8 (33.3)	.034
Predisposing factors to CPE infection^a
Antimicrobials	48 (88.9)	30 (100)	18 (75.0)	.004
Urinary catheter	43 (77.8)	27 (90.0)	16 (66.7)	.034
Central venous catheter	39 (72.2)	27 (90.0)	12 (50.0)	.001
Mechanical ventilation	31 (57.4)	25 (83.3)	6 (25.0)	<.001
Parenteral nutrition	10 (18.5)	7 (23.3)	3 (12.5)	.309
Surgery (general anaesthesia)	6 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	6 (25.0)	.004
Renal replacement therapy	1 (1.9)	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	.367
Intensive care unit admission	32 (59.3)	25 (83.3)	7 (29.2)	<.001
Previous admission (<3 months)	19 (35.2)	5 (16.7)	14 (58.3)	.001
Transfer from another hospital	13 (24.1)	8 (26.7)	5 (20.8)	.618

Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise indicated.

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; CPE: carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; IQR: interquartile range.

^aRisk factors present during ≥48 h in the previous 30 d to the first episode of CPE infection.