Table 1.
Descriptive statistics.
| Mean | Standard deviation | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | ||||
| Relationship | 3.96 | 0.73 | 1 | 5 |
| Happiness | 3.69 | 0.85 | 1 | 5 |
| Physical health | 2.34 | 0.73 | 1 | 5 |
| Illness | 6.11 | 3.39 | 0 | 16 |
| Mental health | 1.88 | 1.35 | 0 | 4 |
| ADL | 0.70 | 1.30 | 0 | 5 |
| Independent variables | ||||
| Number of children | 4.38 | 2.12 | 1 | 14 |
| Living with a son (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Living with a daughter (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
| Child quality (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | ||||
| Primary education | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0 | 1 |
| Lower secondary education | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 |
| Upper secondary education | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
| Vocational training or above | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
| Parent's characteristics | ||||
| Age | 66.00 | 11.30 | 50 | 100 |
| Age at birth of the first child | 25.57 | 5.37 | 15 | 55 |
| Male (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Married (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.70 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 |
| Not working (1 = Not working, 0 = Working) | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Kinh (majority) ethnicity (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0 | 1 |
| Religious (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.81 | 0.40 | 0 | 1 |
| Primary education (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 |
| Lower secondary education (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 |
| Upper secondary or above (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 |
| Log of income | 1.15 | 0.27 | 1 | 2 |
| Housing characteristics | ||||
| Log of house area (in m2) | 4.11 | 0.61 | 2 | 6 |
| Permanent house (1 = Yes, 0 = No) | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |