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. 2021 Sep 8;16(9):e0256643. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256643

Table 2. Mean scores and standard deviation (SD) of quality of life domains in the total population sample and sub-samples by socio-demographic characteristics.

Characteristics Physical Psychological Social Environment
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
All 67.82 11.93 64.32 13.18 63.29 14.73 64.13 12.36
Gender
    Male 70.04* 11.86 68.60* 10.99 66.59* 15.85 63.72 12.54
    Female 67.33* 11.90 63.39* 13.44 62.58* 14.39 64.22 12.33
Education level
    High school 65.32* 13.31 60.08* 15.13 60.22 17.57 56.35* 15.53
    Bachelor 67.23* 11.80 63.90* 13.22 63.25 14.89 62.69* 11.84
    Master/Doctoral 69.21* 11.87 65.69* 12.66 63.84 14.00 67.78* 11.74
Spouse’s education level
    High school 66.95 12.69 63.25 13.61 62.56 16.44 57.84* 12.79
    Bachelor 67.24 11.16 64.29 13.02 63.22 14.21 63.75* 11.60
    Master/Doctoral 69.89 13.45 64.93 13.46 63.85 15.40 68.23* 12.88
Current financial condition
    Above average 70.34* 11.97 66.89* 12.17 65.32* 14.96 70.42* 10.64
    Average 66.41* 10.99 63.27* 12.65 62.19* 13.86 61.31* 10.29
    Below average 65.11* 13.69 60.20* 16.29 61.00* 16.42 54.85* 14.58
Current financial condition compared to before pandemic
    Better 67.04 12.34 65.44 13.89 62.59 14.80 64.06* 10.83
    Similar 68.34 12.51 64.78 13.56 63.74 15.19 66.46* 12.17
    Worse 67.33 10.74 63.06 12.14 62.91 13.98 60.38* 12.49
Have a job
    No 65.49* 11.90 61.55* 14.36 60.82* 14.79 62.01* 12.65
    Yes 68.84* 11.81 65.54* 12.45 64.38* 14.59 65.06* 12.13
Working from home during pandemic*
    Yes 68.84 11.56 65.72 12.44 64.45 14.79 65.63 11.94
    No 69.71 13.85 66.36 12.71 65.74 12.30 62.85 12.69
    In combination 68.50 12.29 64.47 12.49 63.54 14.63 63.37 12.69

* Using Mann-Whitney U (Wilcoxon rank-sum) test for two groups or Kruskal-Wallis H test for more than two groups, the mean score between the demographic subgroups differs statistically significant, p-value <0.05