2. Description of interventions.

Study ID	Intervention	Intervention detail	Comparator detail	Duration
Single component interventions	Change to pharmacological treatment	Salmeterol xinafoate 50 µg and fluticasone propionate 500 µg inhalation powder at dosage of 1 inhalation twice daily (morning and evening) via single Diskus inhaler + individual existing therapy	Salmeterol xinafoate 50 µg and fluticasone propionate 500 µg inhalation powder at dosage of 1 inhalation twice daily (morning and evening) via 2 separate Diskus inhalers + individual existing therapy	Hagedorn 2013 52 weeks
	Change to pharmacological treatment	Once daily transdermal tulobuterol patch (2 mg, Hokunalin tape). After 12 weeks, participants received the control treatment	Twice daily salmeterol 50 µg. After 12 weeks, participants received the intervention	Mochizuki 2013 12 weeks (cross‐over design)
	Change to pharmacological treatment	Dose escalation: roflumilast 250 µg once daily for 4 weeks followed by roflumilast 500 µg for 12 weeks	Conventional dose group: roflumilast 500 µg for 12 weeks	Park 2019 16 weeks
	Adherence aids	'BreatheMe' Bluetooth device monitoring daily Symbicort inhaler use and mobile phone application to provide support to people using Symbicort as part of COPD management therapy + current care. Audio‐visual daily reminders (beeps and flashes) on device to take Symbicort, and medication reminders from mobile phone application	Current care and medication usage monitoring device. Control group did not receive any reminders	Criner 2018 26 weeks
	Education	Comprehensive verbal instruction from pharmacist on importance to taking medication as prescribed. Discussion included how theophylline works and importance of maintaining blood levels to achieve therapeutic effect. Patients could ask questions about their current medication. Counselling session lasted 3–5 minutes	Control group did not receive counselling session, but were asked if they had any questions about their current medication	De Tullio 1987 26 weeks
	Behavioural/psychological intervention	MI group: 5 × 1‐to‐1 sessions held on 2 consecutive days. The first session was introductory. Session 2 focused on participants' feelings to help towards moving from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation for change. Session 3 was based on identification and resolving participants' uncertainties. Session 4 aimed to create and stimulate intrinsic desire to change and identify, clarify and acknowledge participants' values. Session 5 aimed to identify tempting situations and closing the programme. After the sessions, participants were given 2 sessions on medication, lifestyle and respiratory chest physiotherapy	Control group: 2 training sessions on medication use, lifestyle and respiratory chest physiotherapy; each session was 15–45 minutes	Naderloo 2018 8.6 weeks
	Communication or follow‐up by health professional	No studies found
Multi‐component interventions		Individualised shared decision‐making and patient engagement programme + standard treatment during hospitalisation period. The programme included pharmacological management, symptom control and healthy lifestyle promotion	Control group received standard treatment (medical and pharmacological care): systemic steroids, antibiotics, inhaled bronchodilators, oxygen therapy)	Grandos‐Santiago 2020 (AECOPD population) From discharge to 13 weeks' follow‐up
		Pharmaceutical care included structured patient education about COPD, management of symptoms and medication management, delivered by the clinical pharmacist in an outpatient clinic. Participants were given a booklet with information. The pharmacist used MI techniques to help to improve adherence to medication prescribed	Control group: no further information	Jarab 2012 26 weeks
		Clinical pharmacist‐led education on COPD, medication, importance of adherence, inhaler technique (written information) and COPD symptom management. The pharmacist demonstrated pursed lip technique, expectoration technique, and asked participants to carry out these techniques to understand if they fully understood how to perform them. MI technique aimed to increase self‐efficacy, and was used to advise participants on smoking. An individualised action plan was developed for each participant (for acute exacerbations, advice for GPs for antibiotic prescription and oral corticosteroid initiation. COPD education was re‐enforced by the clinical pharmacist at clinic visits and via telephone calls	Control group: usual hospital care from medical and nursing staff; no structured clinical pharmacist‐led programme was provided	Khdour 2009 52 weeks
		Group session and individual interventions: MIs were conducted to improve adherence (focus groups); participants were given information about their condition and their daily treatment with an aim to improve adherence from cognitive perspective; training on skills and development on inhaler technique based on SEPAR guidelines. Participants used placebo inhalers to practice techniques	Control group: NR	Leiva‐Fernandez 2014 52 weeks
		Tele‐pharmacy intervention to improve inhaler use: counselling intervention led by pharmacist who asked about participants' knowledge about medication; inhaler technique; and determining barriers to adherence through education, reminder techniques and MI. Follow‐up phone calls were made to the patients at 4 and 8 weeks after the tele‐pharmacy intervention	Control group: no further information	Margolis 2013 (unpublished study) 26 weeks
		Initial individual face‐to‐face session and 2 follow‐up sessions at 2 weeks after the face‐to‐face session. The programme consisted of information provision, motivational enhancement, inhaler skills training and behavioural skills training	Routine care offered by the HCP that included medication education written information medication, medication education provided by pharmacist, demonstration of inhaler technique given by nurses (on request by doctor). After the intervention group completed the programme, the control group was offered the intervention (wait list group)	To 2020 4 weeks' intervention (results collected at 6 weeks)
		Pharmacist‐led intervention: protocolised 2‐session intervention (1:1 sessions) including verbal and written structured education about COPD, medication, inhaler technique and demonstration, importance on maintenance therapy adherence, and current barriers preventing adherence, adverse effects, self‐management (lifestyle), smoking cessation	Control group: non‐protocolised usual pharmacist care	Tommelein 2014 13 weeks
		Comprehensive clinical pharmacist‐led care programme: structured individualised education, telephone counselling on effective use of inhalers, information about COPD, medication management, discussion of medical test results, patient preference, barriers to medication adherence. Telephone calls by the clinical pharmacist aimed to ascertain treatment effects, address participants' misconceptions about adverse effects, reminders for next clinical appointment	Control group: general counselling without individualised education and telephone follow‐up	Wei 2014 52 weeks
		Health coaching intervention: with 100 hours of training for COPD‐specific content, health coaches addressed barriers to medication adherence and inhaler technique (teach‐back) once every 3 weeks. Health coaches accompanied participants to their visits with primary care clinicians, pulmonary clinicians or both, in community or at home, and conducted telephone calls between face‐to‐face visits	Usual care: any resources provided by clinic as part of standard care but were not limited to visits with the GP, pulmonary specialist, COPD education classes, PR, smoking cessation resources	Thom 2018 39 weeks

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GP: general practitioner; HCP: healthcare professional; MI: motivational interview; NR: not reported; PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; SEPAR: Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery.