Table 3.

Associations between perceived stress, health and functional status.

	KCCQ	6MWT
	B (SE)	B (SE)
Model 1  Mean PSS score (between-subjects)  Deviation PSS score (within-subjects)  Baseline PSS score	−1.61* (0.17) −0.26* (0.08) −0.45‡ (0.15)	−5.20† (2.72) −2.94* (0.77)  0.04 (1.20)
Model 2  Mean PSS score (between-subjects)  Deviation PSS score (within-subjects)  Baseline PSS score	−1.57* (0.20) −0.24‡ (0.08) −0.30§ (0.15)	−3.79 (3.82) −2.93* (1.02)  1.91 (1.54)

Note: Values are parameter estimate (B) and standard error (SE) of associations between perceived stress and: the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-heart failure health status and symptoms) and the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT-functional status). Parameter estimates in Model 1 are adjusted for the effect of age, sex, BMI, income, NYHA classification, ejection fraction, creatinine level and hypertension status. The ‘Baseline PSS score’ analysis is additionally adjusted for the baseline value of the respective outcome. Parameter estimates in Model 2 are adjusted for the effect of state anger (STAXI). In all analyses presented in Model 1 and 2, time is included as a continuous variable.

^*P≤0.001

^†p=0.07

^‡p≤0.01

^§p≤0.05.