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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 8.
Published before final editing as: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019 Oct 15:10.7556/jaoa.2019.121. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.121

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

(A) Position of the anesthetized animal when performing osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine (OCMM) and a closer view of OCMM performance. (B) Time taken to reach platform on each experiment day. Rats received 4 days (days 1–4, platform visible) of training before probe trials (days 5–8, platform invisible). Sixteen-week-old untreated young adult (UTYa) male rats exhibited significantly shorter escape latency on day 1–8 compared with untreated (UT) aged rats. During training day 4 and probe days 5 and 6, OCMM-treated rats reached the platform sooner than the UT rats. (C) Representative plots show the trajectory of UT and OCMM-treated animal movement. Four quadrants, platform location (circle at northwest quadrant), starting (blue dot), and end (red dot) points are marked. (D) Histograms show the distance travelled, number of entries to the northwest quadrant (NW), time spent in NW, and distance travelled in NW on the last day (day 4) of the training trial period. n=6; unpaired, 2-tailed, t test, aP<.05, bP<.01, and cP<.001.