Table 1.
MEC-APS participant characteristics by NAFLD status (liver fat>5.5%)
|
NAFLD status |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No (N = 1033) |
Yes (N = 511) |
Pa |
Total (N = 1544) |
|
| Demographics | ||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001b | |||
| Japanese American | 222 (21) | 178 (35) | 400 (26) | |
| African American | 219 (21) | 38 (7) | 257 (17) | |
| White | 249 (24) | 67 (13) | 316 (20) | |
| Latino | 182 (18) | 143 (28) | 325 (21) | |
| Native Hawaiian | 161 (16) | 85 (17) | 246 (16) | |
| Sex – Female, n (%) | 533 (52) | 267 (52) | 0.809b | 801 (52) |
| Age (years) | 69.3 (2.8) | 69.0 (2.7) | 0.03 | 69.2 (2.7) |
| Education (years) | 15.0 (2.6) | 14.4 (2.9) | <0.001 | 14.8 (2.7) |
| Born in US, n (%) | 888 (86) | 416 (82) | 0.022 | 1304 (85) |
| Mother born in US, n (%) | 845 (82) | 395 (78) | 0.042 | 1240 (81) |
| Father born in US, n (%) | 806 (78) | 358 (70) | < 0.001 | 1164 (76) |
| Lived in US 26+ years, n (%) | 952 (93) | 458 (90) | 0.087 | 1410 (92) |
| Primary language English, n (%) | 988 (96) | 468 (92) | 0.001 | 1456 (94) |
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| % Liver Fat | 3.2 (1.1) | 10.7 (4.8) | < 0.001 | 5.6 (4.6) |
| Height (cm) | 165 (10) | 163 (10) | < 0.001 | 165 (10) |
| Weight (kg) | 73 (15) | 81 (16) | < 0.001 | 76 (16) |
| Total Fat Massc (kg) | 32.9 (8.2) | 35.1 (6.7) | <0.001 | 33.7 (7.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 (4.5) | 30 (4.5) | < 0.001 | 28 (5.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94 (12.5) | 101.9 (10.9) | < 0.001 | 96.5 (12.5) |
| Health and Treatment | ||||
| Diabetes history, n (%) | 114 (11) | 132 (26) | < 0.001 | 246 (16) |
| Hypertension medication use, n (%) | 375 (36) | 255 (50) | < 0.001 | 630 (41) |
| Probiotic use, n (%) | 104 (10) | 42 (8) | 0.243 | 146 (9) |
| Diet | ||||
| Energy Intake (kcal/day) | 1805 (834) | 1839 (892) | 0.46 | 1816 (854) |
| % Energy from Fat | 33.5 (6.6) | 34.7 (6.0) | < 0.001 | 33.9 (6.2) |
| % Energy from Protein | 16 (3) | 17 (3) | 0.008 | 17 (3) |
| Dietary Fiber (g/1000 kcal/day) | 13.3 (4.4) | 11.9 (3.9) | <0.001 | 12.9 (4.3) |
| Saturated Fat (% of total fat) | 32.9 (4.8) | 33.8 (4.2) | <0.001 | 33.2 (4.7) |
| Polyunsaturated Fat (% of total fat) | 25.2 (4.1) | 24.1 (3.7) | <0.001 | 24.8 (4.0) |
| Monounsaturated Fat (% of total fat) | 41.9 (2.8) | 42.0 (2.5) | 0.54 | 42.0 (2.7) |
| Healthy Eating Index 2010 (aHEI-2010) | 69.7 (10.1) | 66.3 (9.7) | < 0.001 | 68.6 (10.1) |
| Asian fermented foods, n (%) | 250 (24) | 167 (33) | < 0.001 | 417 (27) |
| Dairy fermented foods, n (%) | 463 (45) | 227 (44) | 0.882 | 690 (45) |
| Vegetarian diet, n (%) | 28 (3) | 11 (2) | 0.511 | 39 (3) |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Sitting (hours/day) | 8.0 (3.4) | 8.4 (3.5) | 0.012 | 8.1 (3.4) |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 4.5 (6.7) | 3.1 (5.9) | <0.001 | 4.0 (6.5) |
| Moderate/vigorous activity (hours/day) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.4) |
| Smoking (pack years) | 4 (9) | 5 (10.5) | 0.049 | 0.08 4 (9.5) |
Continuous variables reported as mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables reported as n (%).
at-test used, unless noted
bPearson’s Chi-squared test
cTotal fat mass was missing in 15 participants (12 No NAFLD and 3 Yes NAFLD)