Table 1. Demographics and Characteristics of All Patients Presenting to the ER With Stable LGIB.
| Total | Status |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharged | Admitted | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 70 (51 - 80) | 53 (35 - 73) | 74.5 (60 - 83) | < 0.001* |
| Race | 0.422 | |||
| Asian | 15 (15.5) | 5 (13.5) | 10 (16.7) | |
| Black or African American | 13 (13.4) | 4 (10.8) | 9 (15) | |
| White | 43 (44.3) | 14 (37.8) | 29 (48.3) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 11 (11.3) | 5 (13.5) | 6 (10) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (1) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Other/unknown | 14 (14.4) | 8 (21.6) | 6 (10) | |
| Gender (male) | 59 (60.8) | 24 (64.9) | 35 (58.3) | 0.669 |
| Vitals | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 134 (115 - 148) | 137 (124 - 156) | 131 (112.2 - 146.2) | 0.079 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76 (69 - 87) | 83 (76 - 88) | 73 (67 - 86) | 0.003* |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 82 (72 - 89) | 86 (75 - 92) | 80 (70.8 - 88) | 0.070 |
| Labs | ||||
| Hematocrit (%) | 37.6 (30 - 42.1) | 41.1 (38.4 - 44.6) | 32.2 (24.4 - 39.4) | < 0.001* |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 (9.9 - 14.1) | 13.9 (12.5 - 15) | 10.6 (8.2 - 13) | < 0.001* |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20.5 (16 - 33) | 17 (14 - 20.5) | 23 (18 - 42.5) | < 0.001* |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1 (0.8 - 1.3) | 0.9 (0.8 - 1.1) | 1.1 (0.8 - 1.8) | 0.008* |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 (3.2 - 4.1) | 4 (3.8 - 4.3) | 3.5 (3 - 3.9) | < 0.001* |
| INR | 1.1 (1 - 1.2) | 1.1 (1 - 1.1) | 1.1 (1 - 1.3) | 0.144 |
| Medications | ||||
| ASA | 30 (30.9) | 4 (10.8) | 26 (43.3) | 0.001* |
| Plavix | 4 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (6.7) | 0.294 |
| NOAC | 14 (14.4) | 0 (0) | 14 (23.3) | 0.001* |
| Warfarin | 5 (5.2) | 1 (2.7) | 4 (6.7) | 0.646 |
| NSAIDs | 11 (11.5) | 5 (13.5) | 6 (10.2) | 0.745 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (11.3) | 1 (2.7) | 10 (16.7) | 0.047* |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (9.3) | 0 (0) | 9 (15) | 0.012* |
| History of myocardial infarction | 9 (9.3) | 1 (2.7) | 8 (13.3) | 0.147 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.3) | 0.523 |
| CVA or TIA | 9 (9.3) | 2 (5.4) | 7 (11.7) | 0.475 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 3 (3.1) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (3.3) | 1 |
| Liver disease | 0.620 | |||
| Milda | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Moderate/severeb | 1 (1) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | |
| BRBPR vs. maroon stool | 15 (15.5) | 4 (10.8) | 11 (18.3) | 0.395 |
| Tobacco | 4 (4.1) | 2 (5.4) | 2 (3.3) | 0.635 |
| Syncope | 6 (6.2) | 0 (0) | 6 (10) | 0.079 |
| Prior GIB | 27 (27.8) | 9 (24.3) | 18 (30) | 0.644 |
| Oakland score | 14 (10 - 21) | 11 (10 - 13) | 18.5 (12 - 22) | < 0.001* |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 4 (1 - 5) | 2 (0 - 3) | 5 (3 - 6) | < 0.001* |
Data are presented as frequency (%) or median (IQR). P-value is calculated from a Wilcoxon rank-sum test for a numeric variable and a Fisher’s exact test for a categorical variable. *Statistical significance with a P-value less than 0.05. aChronic hepatitis or cirrhosis w/o portal hypertension. bCirrhosis and portal hypertension w/wo variceal bleed. LGIB: lower gastrointestinal bleeding; ED: emergency department; IQR: interquartile range; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; GIB: gastrointestinal bleeding; DM: diabetes mellitus; INR: international normalized ratio; ASA: aspirin; DOAC: direct oral anticoagulant; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BRBPR: bright red blood per rectum; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; TIA: transient ischemic attack.