Figure 2.

Characterization of ZGO@TiO₂@APL. TEM image of a) ZGO@TiO₂ and b) ZGO@TiO₂@ALP. c) Size distribution and zeta potential of ZGO, ZGO@TiO₂, and ZGO@TiO₂@ALP. d) Time‐dependent ROS generation ability of ZGO@TiO₂ under US irradiation (5 min, 1.5 MHz, 1.5 Wcm⁻²). e) Persistent luminescence image of ZGO@TiO₂@ALP aqueous solution (100 µL, 0.3 mg mL⁻¹). Persistent luminescence was activated following a 2 min red LED excitation (650 ± 10 nm) before imaging, and the signal acquisition time was set to be 120 s under the imaging system. f) In vitro PTX release from ZGO@TiO₂@ALP with and without ultrasound irradiation. The arrows represent the application of ultrasound (5 min, 1.5 MHz, 1.5 W cm⁻²). Data are given as mean ± s.d. (n = 4).