Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Parameter | NDM (n = 30) | DM (n = 40) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years) | 59.7 ± 7.7 | 58.1 ± 6.8 | 0.355 |
| Gender (% female) | 63.3 | 60.0 | 0.487 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 24.6 ± 3.9 | 25.8 ± 4.3 | 0.269 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.8 ± 13.1 | 129.1 ± 11.8 | 0.553 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.9 ± 9.8 | 75.5 ± 9.4 | 0.150 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 95.8 ± 9.6 | 138.6 ± 26.0 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.9 ± 0.50 | 7.5 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C* (mg/dL) | 111.4 ± 31.3 | 100.5 ± 42.4 | 0.222 |
| DM duration (years) | – | 5.5 ± 4.1 | – |
| Metformin dosage (mg/day) | – | 1652.5 ± 627.4 | – |
| Other drugs (% use) | |||
| •ACEI or ARB** •DHP-CCB# •Thiazide-like diuretic •Statins |
44.8 51.7 13.8 66.7 |
67.5 57.5 20.0 79.5 |
0.084 0.807 0.749 0.275 |
| Microvascular complications (%) | – | 47.5 | – |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 86.8 ± 14.3 | 85.5 ± 17.0 | 0.745 |
| Macrovascular complications (%) | – | 10.0 | – |
| FRAX: 10-year risk of hip fractures (%) | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.399 |
| FRAX: 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures (%) | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 0.166 |
| Serum markers | |||
| Pentosidine (ng/mL) | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 3.6 | 0.030 |
| Soluble RAGE (pg/mL) | 599.4 ± 422.1 | 527.1 ± 249.7 | 0.374 |
*LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; **ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; **ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; #DHP-CCB, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.