Table 3.
Factors determining osteogenic differentiation in type 2 diabetes.
| Parameters | NDM-pD (n=27) |
DM-pD (n=16) |
p-value* | DM-iD (n=24) |
p-value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.7 ± 7.9 | 54.4 ± 3.2 | 0.004 | 60.5 ± 7.4 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 4.6 | 0.705 | 25.8 ± 4.1 | 0.953 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 96.1 ± 9.4 | 137.7 ± 30.2 | <0.0001 | 139.2 ± 23.4 | 0.859 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 0.963 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 107.9 ± 28.9 | 96.1 ± 32.9 | 0.249 | 103.4 ± 48.1 | 0.601 |
| DM duration (years) | – | 5.1 ± 3.3 | – | 5.8 ± 4.6 | 0.615 |
| Metformin dosage (mg/day) | – | 1709.4 ± 655.3 | – | 1614.6 ± 619.3 | 0.646 |
| Other drugs (% use) | |||||
| •ACEI or ARB** •DHP-CCB## •Thiazide-like diuretics •Statins |
46.2 50.0 15.4 70.3 |
75.0 50.0 18.8 81.3 |
0.109 1.000 1.000 0.494 |
62.5 62.5 20.8 78.2 |
0.503 0.522 1.000 1.000 |
| Microvascular complications (%) | – | 50.0 | 45.8 | 0.796 | |
| Macrovascular complications (%) | – | 6.3 | 12.5 | 0.519 | |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 86.3 ± 14.9 | 89.9 ± 12.6 | 0.442 | 82.6 ± 19.1 | 0.156 |
| Pentosidine (ng/mL) | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 7.3 ± 4.7 | 0.008 | 5.2 ± 2.5 | 0.120 |
| sRAGE (pg/mL) | 597.1 ± 422.4 | 519.1 ± 281.6 | 0.516 | 532.4 ± 232.2 | 0.871 |
*comparison between NDM-pD and DM-pD; #comparison between DM-pD and DM-iD.
**ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; **ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers.
##DHP-CCB, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.