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. 2021 Aug 26;12:725641. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725641

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Copyright © 2021 Falconer, Pucino, Clayton, Marshall, Raizada, Adams, Philp, Clark, Filer, Raza, Young and Buckley

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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FLS from healthy and inflamed synovium show increased glycolytic capacity in response to TNFα. FLS were cultured from synovial biopsies of patients with no inflammation (n=5), resolving arthritis (n=6) and very early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=6). Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was measured in real time in the presence of glucose, oligomycin and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) (A). Example traces are shown for unstimulated FLS and FLS stimulated for 24 hours with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα); (B) uninflamed, (C) resolving arthritis and (D) very early RA. (E) Glycolysis (after the addition of glucose) and (F) glycolytic capacity (difference of oligomycin rate and 2DG rate) were calculated as shown in (A). Statistical significance between treatments was determined by paired student’s t test. No statistical significance was found between patient groups.