Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics at admission of confirmed COVID‐19 hospitalized patients according to the smoking status (Lyon, France)
| All patients (N = 645) | Current smoker (N = 34) (5.3%), G1 | Ex‐smoker (N = 207) (32.1%), G2 | Never smoker (N = 404) (62.6%), G3 | p value (G1 vs. G3) | p value (G1 vs. G2) | p value (G2 vs. G3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 71 (24) | 67.5 (26) | 72 (15) | 69 (28) | 0.272 | 0.014 | 0.008 |
| Age ≥ 75 years, n (%) | 253 (39.2) | 9 (26.5) | 87 (42.0) | 157 (38.9) | 0.153 | 0.086 | 0.449 |
| Age categories, n (%) | |||||||
| <61 years | 175 (27.1) | 12 (35.3) | 33 (15.9) | 130 (32.2) | 0.054 | 0.010 | <0.001 |
| 61–80 years | 283 (43.9) | 18 (52.9) | 114 (55.1) | 151 (37.4) | |||
| ≥81 years | 187 (29.0) | 4 (11.8) | 60 (29.0) | 123 (30.4) | |||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||
| Female | 257 (40.1) | 10 (29.4) | 38 (18.4) | 209 (51.7) | 0.012 | 0.135 | <0.001 |
| Male | 388 (60.2) | 24 (70.6) | 169 (81.6) | 195 (48.3) | |||
| Type of ward, n (%) | |||||||
| Hospitalization in medical ward | 431 (66.8) | 27 (79.4) | 125 (60.4) | 279 (69.1) | 0.206 | 0.033 | 0.032 |
| Admission or transfer to ICU during hospitalization | 214 (33.2) | 7 (20.6) | 82 (39.6) | 125 (30.9) | |||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 336 (52.1) | 15 (44.1) | 130 (62.8) | 191 (47.3) | 0.723 | 0.039 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 160 (24.8) | 10 (29.4) | 62 (30.0) | 88 (21.8) | 0.305 | 0.949 | 0.026 |
| Chronic neurological diseases | 117 (18.1) | 9 (26.5) | 36 (17.4) | 72 (17.8) | 0.212 | 0.208 | 0.895 |
| Malignancy | 108 (16.7) | 3 (8.8) | 35 (16.9) | 70 (17.3) | 0.201 | 0.231 | 0.897 |
| Renal diseases | 100 (15.5) | 5 (14.7) | 45 (21.7) | 50 (12.4) | 0.694 | 0.349 | 0.003 |
| Chronic lung disease | 82 (12.7) | 9 (26.5) | 46 (22.2) | 27 (6.7) | 0.000 | 0.584 | <0.001 |
| Signs and symptoms at admission, n (%) | |||||||
| Duration of symptoms (days), [n/N] a | [545/645] a | [26/34] | [171/207] | [348/404] | |||
| Median (IQR) | 19 (14) | 18 (20) | 21 (15) | 18 (13) | 0.810 | 0.772 | 0.123 |
| Delays between onset of symptoms and hospital admission (days), [n/N] a | [626/645] | [30/34] | [199/207] | [397/404] | |||
| Median (IQR) | 6 (6) | 5 (5) | 6 (7) | 6 (6) | 0.514 | 0.523 | 0.881 |
| Temperature (°C), [n/N] a | [595/645] | [31/34] | [185/207] | [379/404] | |||
| Median (IQR) | 38 (1.6) | 37.9 (1.3) | 38 (1.6) | 38 (1.5) | 0.088 | 0.247 | 0.258 |
| Abnormal lung auscultation | 543/600 (90.5) | 23 (85.2) | 181/198 (91.4) | 339/375 (90.4) | 0.382 | 0.297 | 0.690 |
| Dyspnoea/tachypnea | 466/600 (77.7) | 19/27 (70.4) | 165/198 (83.3) | 282/375 (75.2) | 0.576 | 0.102 | 0.025 |
| General weakness | 457 (70.8) | 21 (61.8) | 142 (68.6) | 294 (72.8) | 0.170 | 0.430 | 0.280 |
| Cough | 451 (69.9) | 19 (55.9) | 140 (67.6) | 292 (72.3) | 0.043 | 0.180 | 0.233 |
| Shortness of breath | 435 (67.4) | 19 (55.9) | 152 (73.4) | 264 (65.4) | 0.268 | 0.037 | 0.042 |
| Diarrhea | 182 (28.2) | 11 (32.4) | 48 (23.2) | 123 (30.5) | 0.817 | 0.249 | 0.059 |
| Myalgia | 122 (18.9) | 7 (20.6) | 25 (12.1) | 90 (22.3) | 0.820 | 0.175 | 0.002 |
| Nausea | 86 (13.3) | 4 (11.8) | 26 (12.6) | 56 (13.9) | 0.733 | 0.896 | 0.655 |
| Headache | 84 (13.0) | 5 (14.7) | 22 (10.6) | 57 (14.1) | 0.924 | 0.485 | 0.225 |
| Ageusia | 53 (8.2) | 1 (2.9) | 15 (7.3) | 37 (9.2) | 0.216 | 0.350 | 0.423 |
| Anosmia | 45 (7.0) | 1 (2.9) | 9 (4.4) | 35 (8.7) | 0.243 | 0.703 | 0.051 |
| Sore throat | 28 (4.3) | 1 (2.9) | 8 (3.9) | 19 (4.7) | 0.636 | 0.792 | 0.633 |
| Laboratory measures admission | |||||||
| Lymphocytes (g/L), median (IQR), Reference range: 1–4, [n/N] a | 0.97 (0.68), [603/645] | 1.08 (0.93), [33/34] | 0.88 (0.69), [194/207] | 0.98 (0.67), [376/404] | 0.154 | 0.027 | 0.077 |
| Monocyte (g/L), median (IQR), Reference range: 0.2–0.9, [n/N] a | 0.47 (0.36), [603/645] | 0.65 (0.47), [33/34] | 0.47 (0.34), [194/207] | 0.47 (0.36), [376/404] | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.881 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR), Reference range: <5, [n/N] a | 68.8 (106.8), [561/645] | 69 (89.6), [30/34] | 76.2 (98.5), [180/207] | 66.4 (111.8), [351/404] | 0.799 | 0.591 | 0.555 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L), median (IQR), Reference range: 45–104, [n/N] a | 83 (39), [601/645] | 84 (44), [32/34] | 90 (53), [195/207] | 80 (36), [374/404] | 0.185 | 0.493 | <0.001 |
| Outcome a | |||||||
| Death, n (%) | 122 (18.9) | 3 (8.8) | 61 (29.5) | 58 (14.4) | 0.371 | 0.012 | <0.001 |
Note: Categorical variables were described as number (%) and compared by Χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test. Continuous variables were described as median (IQR) and compared by Mann–Whitney U test [n/N].
Abbreviations: CRP, C reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Number of available data compared to total patients and for each group.