Table 1.

Various families of viruses expressing enzymes involved in RNA capping and the diseases they cause.

Virus	Baltimore classification	TPase	GTase	N7‐MTase	2′‐O‐MTase	Disease
Alphaviruses	(+)ssRNA	nsP2[ 26 , 31 ]	nsP1 [30]	nsP1 [32]	none	Chikungunya, Sindbis fever
Flaviviruses	(+)ssRNA	NS3 [33]	NS5 [34]	NS5 [35]	NS5 [36]	Dengue fever, West Nile fever, Zika fever
Coronaviruses	(+)ssRNA	nsp13 [37]	not identified [38]	nsp14 [39]	nsp16/nsp10 [40]	SARS, MERS, COVID‐19
Rabdoviruses	(−)ssRNA	L‐protein in RdRp [41]	L‐protein in RdRp (PRNTase) [42]	L‐protein in RdRp [43]	L‐protein in RdRp [43]	Rabies, Vesicular stomatitis
Poxviruses	dsDNA	D1/D12 [44]	D1/D12 [44]	D1/D12 [45]	VP39 [46]	Smallpox, Cowpox
Orbiviruses	dsRNA	VP4 [47]	VP4 [47]	VP4 [47]	VP4 [47]	Bluetongue
Rotaviruses	dsRNA	not identified	VP3 [48]	VP3 [49]	VP3 [49]	gastrointestinal infections
Reoviruses	dsRNA	λ1 [50]	λ2 [51]	λ2 [52]	λ2 [52]	mild respirator and gastrointestinal infections