Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 56 patients with paired nasopharyngeal and serum samples tested for SARS‐CoV‐2
| Characteristics | Overall patients, n = 56 | With RNAemia, n = 11 | Without RNAemia, n = 45 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median, y | 54.5 | 78 | 50 | 0.0013 |
| 0–19, n (%) | 4 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.14) | 0.58 |
| 20–64, n (%) | 32 (57.1) | 4 (36.4) | 28 (62.2) | 0.18 |
| ≥65, n (%) | 20 (35.7) | 7 (63.6) | 13 (28.9) | 0.042 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 24 (42.9) | 5 (45.5) | 19 (42.2) | 1 |
| Presence of symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Asymptomatic | 6 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (13.3) | 0.33 |
| Symptomatic | 50 (89.3) | 11 (100.0) | 39 (86.7) | 0.33 |
| Mild | 9 (18.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (23.1) | 0.18 |
| Pneumonia | 41 (73.2) | 11 (100.0) | 30 (66.7) | 0.026 |
| Moderate | 25 (50.0) | 1 (9.1) | 24 (61.5) | 0.0046 |
| Severe | 12 (24.0) | 6 (54.6) | 6 (15.4) | 0.014 |
| Critically ill | 4 (8.0) | 4 (36.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0014 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 13 (23.2) | 6 (54.6) | 7 (15.6) | 0.013 |
| Dyslipidemia | 9 (16.1) | 2 (18.2) | 7 (15.6) | 1 |
| Diabetes | 5 (8.9) | 1 (9.1) | 4 (8.9) | 1 |
| Bronchial asthma | 4 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (8.9) | 0.58 |
| Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2 | 8 (14.3) | 2 (18.2) | 6 (13.3) | 0.65 |
| Laboratory findings, median (IQR) | ||||
| White blood cell count (×103/μl) | 5.1 (3.7–5.9) | 5.1 (2.9–5.7) | 5.1 (3.7–5.9) | 0.77 |
| Neutrophil count (/μl) | 2780.1 (1991.4–3915.3) | 3099.8 (1918.6–4936.4) | 2672.1 (1996.2–3783.2) | 0.48 |
| Lymphocyte count (/μl) | 1234.2 (725.2–1801.0) | 1283.3 (861.2–2030.5) | 699.4 (430.3–1360.8) | 0.010 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 14.0 (13.0–15.5) | 13.3 (11.7–14.3) | 14.1 (13.1–15.6) | 0.11 |
| Platelet count (×103/μl) | 202.5 (133.8–234.5) | 186 (142–219) | 207 (128.5–250.5) | 0.34 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.1 (3.4–4.4) | 4.2 (3.9–4.4) | 3.1 (2.9–3.3) | <0.0001 |
| AST (U/L) | 30 (19.5–45.5) | 41 (31–61) | 28 (18.5–36) | 0.0023 |
| ALT (U/L) | 22 (13.3–42.5) | 20 (12–42) | 26 (16–60) | 0.23 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 224 (182–320) | 425 (279–559) | 213.5 (177.5–276.3) | <0.0001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 7.06 (2.76–16.7) | 0.44 (0.06–1.77) | 0.0019 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 13.4 (10.5–18.6) | 23.3 (13.4–27.6) | 12.7 (10–15.7) | 0.0063 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.80 (0.57–0.92) | 1.01 (0.56–1.19) | 0.78 (0.57–0.89) | 0.076 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.7 (0.083–3.1) | 7.1 (2.8–16.7) | 0.4 (0.06–1.8) | 0.0019 |
| d‐dimer (μg/ml) | 0.7 (0.5–1.3) | 1.5 (1.4–3.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Antiviral therapy | 19 (33.9) | 9 (81.8) | 10 (22.2) | 0.0004 |
| Favipiravir | 17 (30.4) | 8 (72.7) | 9 (20.0) | 0.0016 |
| Remdesivir | 4 (7.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0009 |
| Antibiotic therapy | 15 (26.8) | 9 (81.8) | 6 (13.3) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Required oxygen supplementation | 16 (28.6) | 10 (90.9) | 6 (13.3) | <0.0001 |
| ICU admission | 12 (21.4) | 9 (81.8) | 3 (6.7) | <0.0001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 3 (5.4) | 3 (27.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.006 |
| In‐hospital mortality | 3 (5.4) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (2.2) | 0.095 |